Estrogene has a tonicising effect upon urethra musculature. There is also the same demonstrable influence of α-receptor stimulating drugs upon the urethra pressure profile. After preliminary treatment with estrogene, there is a considerably stronger tonicising effect of α-stimulating drugs than without such a treatment. So the combination of estrogene and α-stimulating drugs seems a useful addition to the conservative treatment of stress incontinence.

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Five children in whom reflux and progressive hydronephrosis persisted despite multiple surgical attempts or repair are described. In all cases cystomanometry displayed a marked elevation of the bladder outlet resistance combined with high intravesical pressure values. Therapy with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, was successful in all cases, restoring a free urine passage of the upper urinary tract and unimpaired voiding preventing urinary diversion which has been considered in some of these children. Although there were no signs of bladder neuropathy, a hyperfunction of the sympathetic innervation as acause for bladder complications is discussed.

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