Leafless plants are often assumed to be in a dormant stage with low physiological activity. However, having an ability to take up nutrients during the leafless period may be beneficial if nutrient availability is high during that period. We examined a winter-green geophyte, Lycoris radiata var. radiata, to determine whether it maintained root activity during the leafless period for this species (from June to September in central Japan). The species had roots throughout the year, but new roots emerged mainly during the leafless period. The new roots took up applied nitrogen during the leafless period. The annual maximum rate of root respiration occurred in July. These results suggest that the leafless period is not a dormant period for L. radiata var. radiata; instead, it is a period with high root activity.
We examined the effects of a root-feeding beetle larva (Anomala cuprea Hope) on the survival and biomass of Lolium perenne L. and Plantago lanceolata L. plants at various ages. We hypothesized that belowground herbivory would kill more juveniles than mature plants because of greater root damage. We predicted that for juvenile plants, mortality would be higher for P. lanceolata than for L. perenne, because the thin taproot of P. lanceolata is less tolerant to herbivory. We hypothesized that for mature plants, herbivory of fibrous roots would negatively affect biomass; thus, L. perenne would be less tolerant than P. lanceolata. Plants of L. perenne or P. lanceolata at four ages were grown in pots with or without a herbivore. Herbivores killed juvenile plants, but not mature plants, of both species. More juveniles of P. lanceolata than L. perenne were killed by herbivory. In P. lanceolata, the low biomass of juveniles was attributed to herbivory, but herbivory did not affect the biomass of mature plants. In contrast, herbivory negatively affected the biomass of L. perenne plants of all ages. We concluded that the effects of belowground herbivory depend on plant age and, thus, on plant growth stage and root architecture.Résumé : Les auteurs ont examiné les effets d'une larve de coléoptère qui se nourrit de racines (Anomala cuprea Hope) sur la survie et la biomasse de Lolium perenne L. et Plantago lanceolata L. à des âges différents. Ils ont posé l'hypothèse que l'activité herbivore souterraine tuerait davantage de juvéniles que de plants matures à cause d'un dommage racinaire plus important. Ils ont prédit que pour les plants juvéniles, la mortalité serait plus élevée chez P. lanceolata que pour L. perenne, car la racine pivotante de P. lanceolata est moins tolérante à l'herbivorisme. Ils ont également posé l'hypothèse que chez les plants matures, l'herbivorisme des racines fibreuses affecterait négativement la biomasse ; ainsi, L. perenne serait moins tolérant que P. lanceolata. Les plants de L. perenne ou de P. lanceolata de 4 âges différents ont été cultivés en pots en présence ou en absence d'herbivores. Les herbivores ont tué les plants juvéniles mais non les plants matures des deux espèces. Davantage de juvéniles de P. lanceolata que de L. perenne ont été tués par l'herbivorisme. Chez P. lanceolata, la faible biomasse des juvéniles était attribuable à l'herbivorisme, mais l'herbivorisme n'affectait pas la biomasse des plants matures. Au contraire, l'herbivorisme affectait négativement la biomasse des plants de L. perenne de tous les âges. Les auteurs concluent que les effets de l'herbivorisme souterrain dépendent de l'âge du plant, et par conséquence, du stade de croissance et de l'architecture racinaire. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : larve, interaction plante-sol, tolérance de la plante, architecture racinaire, herbivore des racines.
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