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Background:Ear discharge is often linked with antibiotic prescription, hearing impairment, severe disability and is a public health threat in developing countries. Objective:This study is aimed at determining microbiological etiologic agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients of all age groups in DRPGMC, a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Methods:Retrospective data recorded on culture and antimicrobial susceptibility profile were retrieved for analysis.Pus swabs from discharging ears collected and processed for aerobic bacterial and fungal cultures.Total of 81 aural pus swabs were received over a period of one year from August 2021 to July 2022 for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results:Of total 81 aural swabscultures,68 showed growth of pathogenic microbes,5 of contaminants and 8 were sterile.Gram positive bacterial isolates were 35% and gram-negative bacteria were 60% while 5% fungal isolates were obtained.Predominant bacterial isolate obtained was Pseudomonas aeruginosa(41.25%) followed by Staphylococcusaureus(31.25%),Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.25%),Proteus spp.(3.75%) and CoNS(2.5%). In Fungal isolates two each were Aspergillus spp. and non albicans candida. Maximum samples were from age group 1-20 years (22.2%).Highest resistance was observed for Ciprofloxacin,Gentamycin, Ampicillin,Penicillin,cotrimoxazolewhile Amikacin,Imipenem,Piperacillin-tazobactam,ceftazidime was found effective against the isolated bacteria. Conclusion:Periodical monitoring of microbiological profile is essential for making effective empirical protocol for the cases of ear discharge in a particular geographical area and treatment to be guided by antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates.

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common with an annual global incidence of at least 250 million cases; and Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen. Many antibiotics once used to treat UTI are now ineffective due to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Fosfomycin, discovered in late 1960s, has rekindled clinical interests because of reported susceptibilities of current pathogens to the agent. This study was done with the objective to determine in vitro fosfomycin susceptibility of common uropathogens and determining the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these organisms. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology for a duration of 2 years from October 2019 to September 2021. Urine samples were received and culture was done on MacConkey agar and AST was performed on signicant bacteriuria ≥105 CFU /ml with fosfomycin as per CLSI guidelines. Total of 9442 urine samples were collected duri RESULT: ng the duration of 2 years. Out of these 1657(17.5%) showed signicant growth. Male to female ratio was 1:1.9 in our study. Majority of the bacteria isolated were uropathogenic E.coli 960(57.9%) followed by Klebsiella spp 185(11.1%). Susceptibility to fosfomycin was seen majorly in all enterobacterales with 96.7% sensitivity to E.coli and 100% sensitivity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. In CONCLUSION: conclusion, our study indicates that fosfomycin is active in vitro against a considerable percentage of urinary isolates, which simultaneously exhibit high rates of antimicrobial drug resistance to the conventionally used antimicrobial agents.

Background : Leptospirosis is an acute anthropo-zoonotic infection with multiple system involvement, caused by pathogenic strains of Leptospira interrogans . It can be associated with fatal consequences and has been a underreported disease in India. This study is aimed at determining the frequency of leptospirosis among Objective: patients of all age groups. Retrospective data of IgM ELISA for leptospirosis was retrieved for analysis. Se Methods: rum samples were collected and processed for IgM ELISA. A total of 1087 serum samples were received over a period of one year from April 2022 to March 2023 for IgM ELISA for leptospirosis. Leptospirosis was diagnosed in 159 ( Results: 14.63%) patients and majority of them were observed between July to September with slight female predominance, male to female ratio of 1:1.1.

Background and Objective: Scrub typhus is an endemic zoonotic infectious disease caused by the rickettsial bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular microbe. It is a serious public health problem in the Asia-Pacic region. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of scrub typhus in DRPGMC, a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. Methodolgy: A total of 2187 serum samples of 1022 males (46.73%) and 1165 females (53.27%) with suspected scrub typhus were received in the Department of Microbiology, DRPGMC over a period of 2 years from November 2019 to October 2021. Scrub typhus was tested by IgM ELISA (Inbios International, USA). Scrub typhus was diagnosed in 322 (14.72%) patients and the majority of them Results: were observed from August to November. Serum reactive test in females (61.80%) were in predominance as compared to serum reactive test in males (38.20%) with a ratio of 1.6:1. Majority of the samples (71.05%) were from age group 19 years to 60 years and least (4.12%) from age group 13 years to 18 years. Conclusion: The number of cases of Scrub typhus disease is increasing in North India and it is a matter of great concern. Health education campaigns focusing on the awareness of disease, quick diagnosis and prompt management is required to minimize morbidity and mortality from the disease.