Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) peel has been known as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal, but not yet used as cosmetic ingredients or drugs optimally. This research focuses on the production of organic soap bars from melinjo peel extract, the quality testing, and antimicrobial analysis against selected microbes. The soap making process was done by the saponification reaction between the mixture of palm oil and coconut oil with sodium hydroxide through cold and hot processes. Distilled water and ethanol were used as solvents for melinjo peel extraction. The quality test was done by determining insoluble fraction in ethanol, free alkali, and unsaponified fatty matter. An antimicrobial activity test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. The result shows that the quality test fit with INS 2016 for all the criteria except for unsaponified fatty acid in the cold process soap bar. Inhibition zone of organic soap bar sequentially decreased against the growth of Tricophytone mentagrophytes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Therefore, the organic soap bar with melinjo peel extract shows a good potential to be used as an antimicrobial soap.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis senyawa dibenzalaseton, 4-metoksikalkon dan dianizalaseton melalui reaksi kondensasi Claysen Schmidt menggunakan metode grinding dan mengetahui pengaruh gugus p-metoksi pada reaksi tersebut. Sintesis dibenzalaseton menggunakan benzaldehida, aseton, dan NaOH. Senyawa 4-metoksikhalkon disintesis dari campuran 4-metoksibenzaldehida, asetofenon, dan NaOH. Sedangkan sintesis senyawa dianisalseton melalui reaksi Claysen-schmidt antara aseton, anisaldehid, dan katalis basa NaOH dengan perbandingan mol yang digunakan secara berturut-turut 2:1:2. Sintesis dilakukan dengan metode grinding bebas pelarut. Bahan dasar dan katalis digerus secara bersamaan dalam mortir selama 15 menit hingga membentuk pasta yang dikeringkan dan direkristalisasi. Ketiga senyawa hasil yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi menggunakan KLT, FTIR, dan GC-MS. Berdasarkan  hasil analisis FTIR dan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa dibenzalaseton, 4-metoksikhalkon dan dianizalaseton dapat disintesis dan memiliki rendemen berturut-turut 59,93 %, 86,21 % dan 70,39 %.  Ada  pengaruh gugus p-metoksi pada reaksi kondensasi Claysen-Schmidt pada sintesis senyawa dibenzalaseton, 4-metoksikalkon dan dianizalaseton menggunakan metoda Grinding.Kata kunci : dibenzalaseton, 4-metoksikhalkon , dianizalaseton , metode grinding Abstract This research aims to synthesize the compound dibenzalaceton, 4-methoksikalkon and dianisalaceton through Claysen Schmidt condensation reaction with grinding method and to determine the effect of p-methoxy groups on the reaction. Dibenzalaceton compound was synthesized from benzaldehyde, acetone, and NaOH. Synthesis of compound 4-metoksikhalkon was done using 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, acetophenone, and NaOH. Dianisalceton compound was synthesized through Claysen-schmidt reaction between acetone, anisaldehide, and the catalysts NaOH. This synthesis were performed through solvent-free grinding method. Catalyst base material and simultaneously crushed in mortar for 15 minutes to form a paste. The pasta is dried and recrystallized. The resulted compounds were characterized by TLC, FTIR and GC-MS. Based on the results of the analysis of FTIR and GC-MS showed that dibenzalaceton, 4-methoksikhalkon and dianisalaceton can be synthesized and have succession yield 59.93%, 86.21% and 70.39% . There is the influence of p-methoxy groups in a condensation reaction Claysen-Schmidt on the synthesis of compounds dibenzalaceton, 4-methoksikhalkon and dianizalaceton use grinding method. Keywords: dibenzalaceton, 4-methoksikhalkon, dianizalaceton, grinding method

Synthesis of  amyl vanillyl ether from vanillin was carried out by two different methods, two-steps reaction method and one-step  reaction method. In two-steps reaction method beginning with the first stage reduction of vanillin with NaBH4 to obtain vanillyl alcohol. Then, dehydration vanillyl alcohol and amyl alcohol with concentrated sulfuric acid. Synthesized compound were identification by TLC, IR spectroscopy  and GCMS. In one step reaction method the vanillyl alcohol  as a result of reduction of vanillin with NaBH4 are not isolated in advance, immediately reacted with amyl alcohol to form  amyl vanillyl ether compound with concentrated HCl dehydrator. The results of two-steps reaction method showed that the reduction reaction of vanillin with NaBH4 produced vanillyl alcohol. Vanillyl alcohol compound that produced is white powder and yield 41.28%. Vanillyl amyl ether compound could not synthesis by dehydration from vanillyll alcohol from reduction of vanillin and amyl alcohol. Ether compound from dehydration of vanillyl alcohol from reduction of vanillin and amyl alcohol is diamyl ethers. Method one reaction step successfully synthesized amyl vanilil ether compound. Amyl vanilil ether compound that produced  is liquid, colorless and yield 86.42%. Keywords: amyl vanillil ether, vanillin, vanillil alcohol, amyl alcohol

The ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized using red betel and bay leaves extract and characterized to analyze the maximum wavelength, crystallinity, particle size, composition, and its activity as sunscreen. The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out through reflux method using Zn(CH3COO)2. 2H2O red betel leaf as bioreductor. The same procedure was also applied by changing the betel leaf extract with bay leaf extract. The resulted materials were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, PSA, XRD, and SEM EDX. The ZnO nanoparticles synthesized with red betel leaf have a maximum wavelength of 374.5 nm, wave number of 462.92 cm-1, particle size of 23.309 nm, 74.1% of Zn and 16% of O, SPF value of 8.047942. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using bay leaf extract have a maximum wavelength of 374 nm, high crystallinity properties with a hexagonal crystal structure, an average particle size of 2.463 nm, 64.21% of Zn and 22.85%, and an SPF value of 2.886969. The activity test of ZnO nanoparticles as sunscreen showed that synthesis both using red betel and by leaves extract resulted in a good sunscreen activity test comparing with ZnO synthesized using ethanol as a control. Thus the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using natural extract is being a better way to use as a green synthesis that environmentally friendly.