ABSTRAK.Kompleks prisma akresi memiliki karakteristik morfologi yang unik sebagai hasil dari proses deformasi dan sedimentasi yang berkembang di daerah tersebut. Pulau Simeulue merupakan salah satu contoh pulau yang terbentuk pada prisma akresi. Studi geologi dilakukan untuk menggambarkan keadaan struktur geologi yang terbentuk di Pulau Simeulue yang berhubungan dengan mekanisme pembentukan sesar-sesar anjak pada prisma akresi, pembentukan kompleks batuan bancuh dan mekanisme kubah lumpur. Morfologi dan struktur geologi Pulau Simeulue dipetakan melalui interpretasi citra dan survey lapangan. Citra yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah citra Landsat TM5, Landsat 8 dan Aster-GDEM. Tumbukan di bagian muka deformasi mengakibatkan berkembangnya struktur berupa sesar-sesar naik dan anjak dimana di bagian utara-timurlaut cenderung lebih naik daripada bagian selatan-baratdaya. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi citra, sesar-sesar yang berkembang tersebut umumnya merupakan sesar-sesar anjak berarah palung (trenchward-vergence thrusts). Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran fitur struktur di lapangan dan rekonstruksi lipatan di Pulau Simeulue, perkembangan struktur anjak juga terjadi secara out-of-sequence yang mengakibatkan teraktifkannya sesar anjak berarah busur (arcward-vergence thrusts). Sesar anjak berarah palung dapat diinterpretasikan sebagai backthrust fault dari sebuah mekanisme backstop di bagian belakang prisma akresi. Sesar-sesar anjak ini dapat dikaitkan dengan keberadaan kubah lumpur (mud diapir) yang jejaknya juga ditemukan di beberapa lokasi di Pulau Simeulue. Hal-hal tersebut mendukung teori bahwa kompleks batuan mélange di Pulau Simeulue terbentuk melalui proses mud diapirism yang muncul melalui sesar-sesar anjak.Kata kunci: Pulau Simeulue, kompleks mélange, prisma akresi, sesar anjak, mud diapir, kompleks subduksi. ABSTRACT. The accretionary prism complex
Jakarta groundwater basin is one of the most developed basins in Indonesia as Jakarta city is located within the basin, with an elevation ranging from 0 to 1000 m above sea level. The study of the basement characteristics of groundwater basins still needs further study in the Jakarta Groundwater Basin. The objective of this study is to examine the basement characteristics of Jakarta Groundwater Basin by satellite gravimetry. Gravity forward models were constructed using Oasis Montaj and 2-D GM-SYS software for two north-south sections, A and B, and west-east section C-D. Regional anomalies in the study area with a value range of 36.7 to 53.2 mGal, while the residual anomaly values in the study area were in the range of -7.0 - 10.0 mGal. There are four rock formations based on forwarding modeling. Holocene Beach Ridge Deposit formation has a density of 2.0 gr/cc. The thickness of this formation is estimated to be around 10-20 meters. Late Pleistocene Alluvial fan has a density of about 2.2 gr/cc. The depth of this layer ranges from 10-50 meters. Early Pleistocene Formation, has a density of 2.35 gr/cc. The thickness of this formation is at a depth of 50-200 meters in the cross-section. The Tertiary Marine Sediment Formation is a basement of the Jakarta Groundwater Basin. This formation has a rock density of 2.45 gr/cc.
Increased anthropogenic activity in urban areas has exacerbated the vulnerability of groundwater resources. The AVI, GOD, SINTACS, and DRASTIC methods were used to analyze groundwater vulnerability in Pangkalpinang City. Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding was used to determine the lithology and aquifer configuration in the study area. There are three vulnerability index areas in the city of Pangkalpinang. Low levels of aquifer vulnerability were generally found in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the study area, whereas high levels of aquifer vulnerability were discovered in the northern and southern parts of the study area. Areas with low aquifer vulnerability levels generally have low hydraulic conductivity values on the protective layer. In these areas, groundwater extraction is possible with a reasonable extraction pattern. Industrial areas can also be built by considering environmental aspects. In an area with high-level aquifer vulnerability, groundwater pollution must be considerably managed. The areas should not be designated for industrial areas and excess groundwater extraction.
Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara (e-Win) yang dilaksanakan LIPI pada tahun 2007 dengan menggunakan Kapal Riset Baruna Jaya VIII di daerah lepas pantai Sorong dan Kepulauan Raja Ampat telah menghasilkan beragam data antara lain data batimetri dan data profil geologi bawah permukaan. Sesar Sorong segmen Sorong-Kofiau yang teridentifikasi dari kedua jenis data tersebut memanjang barat daya-timur laut sepanjang 170km. Lajur sesar tersebut membentuk lembah sedalam 2025-2300m di sekitar lepas pantai Kota Sorong, mendangkal sampai 600-700m di Selat Sagewin sampai ke arah P. Kofiau. Sesar Sorong merupakan sesar geser sinistral dicirikan oleh struktur bunga positif, lipatan seret dan cekungan tarik. Di selatan segmen sesar tersebut, Blok Kepala Burung bagian baratdaya dicirikan oleh suatu paparan yang dibatasi oleh sesar-sesar bongkah.
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