RESUMENEl presente artículo reflexiona sobre las distintas maneras en que se ha comprendido el fenómeno de la «participación política juvenil», argumentando que el discurso dominante de las ciencias sociales ha operado naturalizando el sistema de representación política y subvalorando otras expresiones políti-cas presentes en la juventud. En el intento por visualizar estas expresiones, el artículo brinda un análisis de los discursos y prácticas de cuatro jóvenes participantes de colectivos culturales y estudiantiles de la Provincia de Concepción, Chile. El análisis permitió constatar que los jóvenes no se alejan de «lo político» propiamente tal, sino de la concepción de la política representativa, la que al juicio de éstos, tiene como principales características la burocracia, la jerarquía, el centralismo electoral y el autoritarismo, entre otros. Ante el rechazo del sistema de representación política, los jóvenes proponen nuevas prácticas sociopolíticas definidas por la participación equitativa, por el asambleísmo, la autogestión, el pluralismo y la culturalización de la política.
El trabajo plantea, a partir de la movilización estudiantil chilena en más de una década, un análisis de su injerencia en la revuelta iniciada en octubre 2019. Sobre la base de materiales de investigaciones previas, se analizan tres coyunturas polémicas: la rebelión pingüina de 2006, el movimiento estudiantil de 2011 y el movimiento feminista de 2018, para definir sus alcances culturales. Se concluye identificando consecuencias culturales en la subjetividad, en los estilos de protesta, en las reglas del sentir y en la economía moral de la ciudadanía, que generaron condiciones político-culturales favorables para la coyuntura crítica de octubre.
Student movements and radical education collectives across Latin America, building on traditions of radical, popular, feminist, and Indigenizing education, are seeking the democratization of the politics of knowledge and education in their regional contexts. Drawing on the cases of Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, it is possible to map and conceptualize a clear autonomous/decolonizing strand within the broader weaving of students’ movements, looking at the pedagogies of emancipation that underpin and are emergent in their praxis. The process of researching such movements and their politics of knowledge involves a decolonizing and pedagogical approach that embeds the co-creation of knowledges for transformation between researcher and movements. This builds upon work related to prefigurative epistemologies and decolonizing pedagogies of movement scholars such as Motta, Bermúdez, and Valenzuela Fuentes. It foregrounds the work of Neplanteras, of whom Gloria Anzaldúa speaks, those who bridge communities, sociabilities, epistemologies, and subjects on the margins. Nepantleras, as Anzaldúa continues, “are threshold people, those who move within and among multiple worlds and use their movements in the service of transformation.” Our collaborative research as Nepantleras has identified three broad themes emergent across these political and deeply pedagogical educational struggles and experiences. First is the practices, ethics, and experiences that foreground the prefigurative and horizontal nature of the politics of decolonizing and autonomous knowledge being co-created. Second is the feminization of resistance, involving both the emergence and centering of women and feminized subjects in movement and collective struggles, and the feminization of politics and knowledge making. Third is the key role played by affect and an embodied/enfleshed politics in the three cases, and how they foster the democratization, feminization, and decolonization of education and everyday life.
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