There is evidence for a molecular link between SMC apoptosis initiated by infiltration and local signal expression of immune cells and weakening of the aortic wall being more prevalent in patients with BAV. Our findings may suggest a mechanism responsible for aneurysm formation of the aorta and aortic dilatation after autograft root or sinus remodelling procedures.

Aneurysm formation is associated with SMC apoptosis and local signal expression of activated cells in patients with bicuspid as well as TAV. The PT itself is not pathologically involved with only minor degenerative changes. Although the disease process in the aorta appeared to be more severe in patients with BAV, there was similarity of histological and molecular changes of the pulmonary artery wall in all patients. Dilation of the pulmonary autograft seems not to be the result of histopathological and biomolecular mechanisms in the PT.

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Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) histochemistry for retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been successfully applied in electron microscopical preparations in tile guinea pig visual cortex. In ultra~hin sections, the "[MB-HRP reaction product appears as an accumulation of typic: I electron-dense crystals. These crystals were identified in the cytoplasm of lzbeled ceils in the proxim portions of the dendrites, and in myelinated axons. It is demonstrated that the TMB-HRP method is w~ suitable to analyze the ultrastructure of labeled cells and their synaptology.3,Y ,5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB, Sigma) is the most sensitive chromogen in horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histoehemistry, and visualizes an exceedingly highe~ number of neurons labeled after retrograde axonal transport than any othe~ chromogen [6,7]. Furthermore, it is less hazardous to the user thar~ some of the other chromogens. Therefore, TMB is now w~dely used in light microscopica~ electron microscopy, efforts failed ) reaction product (ref.