Revue de linguistique et de didactique des langues 55 | 2017 Littéracie et entrée dans l'écrit Phrases complexes et maturité syntaxique : une comparaison entre des écrits d'élèves de 13 et 16 ans Complex Sentences and Syntactic Maturity: A Comparison between 8th and 11th Grade Students
This article presents a description of the revision strategies targeting complex sentences of 16 secondary school advanced writers (15-17 years old) in the context of French L1 instruction. As the literature indicates, most errors in students' texts are syntactic errors (Boivin & Pinsonneault, 2018), and revising them entails a heavy cognitive load (Roussey & Piolat, 2008). We conducted a multiple case study among these advanced writers to identify their detection, diagnosis and correction strategies targeting syntactic problems. Thinking-aloud (Ericsson & Simon, 1993;Hayes & Flower, 1980), they revised one individual text and one experimental text containing 22 different syntactic errors related to complex sentences. We focused on the revision strategies leading to accurate changes. Our results show that advanced writers make a very limited use of detection strategies. Their diagnosis strategies are mainly reflections, grammaticality judgments and rereadings. Students with high rates of accurate changes in the experimental text use fewer diagnosis strategies than those with average rates. Self-questioning appears to be a strategy most used by students with high rates of accurate changes. The corrections are generally precise and made immediately after a problem is detected. Looking at individual cases, we also present salient profiles based on the students' posture toward revision and syntax.Keywords: revision strategies, syntax, complex sentences, teaching and learning of writing in French L1, advanced writers in secondary school 1 These data, collected in texts, could suggest an avoidance strategy. While it is quite difficult to avoid contexts requiring punctuation or agreement, it is much easier to avoid complex sentences, which could explain why this number of errors per 100 words is relatively low (N=0,6) compared to punctuation and grammatical spelling, for instance, even if complex sentences represent a real challenge for students (see section 2.2).
Afin de mieux soutenir les étudiants entrant à l’université avec des difficultés en écriture, nous avons exploré le lien entre connaissances grammaticales et performances en écriture. 132 étudiants ont réalisé un test de connaissances grammaticales conçu et articulé selon quatre tâches liées aux catégories et aux fonctions grammaticales. Chaque étudiant a également rédigé deux textes dans lesquels nous avons déterminé le nombre moyen d’erreurs par 100 mots (globalement et pour 64 catégories d’erreurs). Le test de grammaire présente un taux de réussite de 47 %. Les étudiants connaissent bien les fonctions grammaticales sujet et complément de phrase, mais pas les fonctions complément du nom ou de l’adjectif. Ils peinent à délimiter certains groupes syntaxiques. Les étudiants ayant 60 % et plus au test de grammaire font en moyenne 2,3 erreurs par 100 mots, alors que ceux ayant moins de 60 % au test font 3,4 erreurs par 100 mots ; cette différence est significative. Les résultats suggèrent également un lien entre certaines connaissances sur le GN et le CD et de meilleures performances dans des contextes d’erreurs fréquentes.
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