Some experiments which are done on the effect of saffron extract and its constituents on different aspects of morphine dependency in different geographical regions have shown that the extract of saffron, as well as its crocin constituent, are effective in the prevention of withdrawal signs in morphinedependent mice. 2 However, because the previous studies have shown that climate changes, geographical situations, and many other factors, make a great impact on the composition of a plant and thereby on its biological activity, 3,24 this question comes up that Afghan native saffron despite its impression by climate and geographical conditions, what effects will it have on withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rats. This study wants to focus on this question, so, is going to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Afghan saffron on morphine-dependent rats, using the behavioral method of counting the naloxoneinduced withdrawal signs.

Combination therapy is considered as a new and effective therapeutic strategy for control of hyperglycemia. The present study aimed to determine the hypoglycemic effect of Afghan Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and Carum Carvi L. hydro-alcoholic extracts either alone or in combination on diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were administered intraperitoneally with hydro-alcoholic extracts of H. sabdariffa (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg), C. carvi (150, 300 and 500 mg/kg) and their combinations for 21 days. The Fasting blood glucose and body weight of rats were determined on 0, 7, 14 and 21st days. The results showed a significant (P<0.0001) hypoglycemic effect of H. sabdariffa extract (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg) on 7, 14 and 21th days, C. carvi extract (500 mg/kg), and their effective doses combination (75:25), especially on 7th day. Only 75 mg/kg of H. sabdariffa had positive effect on body weight loss of diabetic rats (P<0.05). One can conclude that Afghan H. sabdariffa and C. carvi hydro-alcoholic extracts and their combination have a hypoglycemic effect. However, their combinations do not have any synergic effects, so the hypoglycemic effect of H. sabdariffa was much greater and even normalized the blood glucose level.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder, which affects many people throughout the world. The inefficacy and multiple side effects of most synthetic anti-diabetic drugs are reported by various studies. Thus, many researchers are focused on the use of medicinal plants as safe and potent anti-hyperglycemic drugs. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the effect of Afghan senjed (Elaeagnus Angustifolia L.) leaves aqueous alcoholic extract on blood glucose level of diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were divided into 6 groups: normal, diabetic, metformin and Elaeagnus Angustifolia leaves extract (EALE) groups, which received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg doses of extract for 15 days. Diabetes was induced by single dose intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ). During treatment, the effect of single and repeated oral administration of EALE on blood glucose level of diabetic rats was evaluated. On last day, the effect of EALE on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also assessed. Results: All doses of EALE showed significant reduction in blood glucose level, an improvement of glucose tolerance and enhancement in body weight. Conclusion: EALE possessed an antihyperglycemic property in diabetic rats.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing and considered a major cause of mortality in the world. Medicinal plants are a part of complementary and alternative medicine, which have wide use in the treatment of diabetes. Besides, combination therapy as an effective therapeutic strategy is highly recommended for controlling hyperglycemia. The present study aimed to determine the hypoglycemic effect of Afghan Rheum Ribes L. and Urtica Dioica L. extracts either alone or in combination on blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single-dose administration of Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) in rats. Diabetic rats were received intraperitoneal administration of R. Ribes aqueous extract (40 and 60 mg/kg), U. Dioica aqueous-alcoholic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg), and their combination for 21 days. The fasting blood glucose and body weight of rats were determined on 0, 7 th , 14 th , and 21 st days. The results showed that R. Ribes extract (40 and 60 mg/kg), U. Dioica extract (200 mg/kg), and their combination could significantly decrease the blood glucose level on 0, 7 th , 14 th , and 21 st days (P<0.0001). Only 200 mg/kg of U. Dioica had a positive effect on the bodyweight loss of diabetic rats (P<0.01). It can be concluded that Afghan R. Ribes and U. Dioica extracts and their combination have a hypoglycemic effect. However, their combinations do not show any synergic or antagonistic effects.