Studying and improving the theory of errors of doctors has always been important, and today it has become especially relevant.The article lists the main provisions of the advanced version of the theory of errors of doctors. The main content of the articleis devoted to four important aspects of the problem of physician errors. The article states the main contradiction of the problemof errors in medicine. The structure of general objective and subjective causes of medical errors is shown. The main optionsfor doctors to experience errors that complicate doctors’ mutual understanding in this problem are formulated. For the fi rsttime, the reasons for the denial of errors by doctors are summarized. These aspects and conclusions on them are the result ofan analysis of publications on the problem of errors in medicine, repeated discussions of the problem on professional medicalsites. The content of these aspects was based on its own material on error analysis and observation from practice. The aboveaspects and their conclusions need not so much to be confi rmed by special studies, but rather to refl ect on their role and placein the problem of errors. The general objective and subjective reasons for the occurrence of medical errors are shown inconnection with their possible "guilt". Lack of experience is presented as the most common cause of medical errors. Variousoption for doctors to experience errors are presented as a reason that makes it diffi cult for doctors to understand this problem.

Background: The main aim was to analyze dynamic changes in the level of soluble CD14 subtype (sCD14-ST) in blood serum and assess it as a possible risk factor for the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, infectious and inflammatory complications, organ dysfunction, and mortality in operated colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Materials and methods: For the period 2020–2021, 90 operated CRC patients were examined. Patients were divided into two groups: 1 – 50 patients operated on for CRC without acute bowel obstruction (ABO); 2 – 40 patients operated on for tumor ABO caused by CRC. To determine sCD14-ST by the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method, venous blood was taken 1 h before surgery and 72 h after it (third day). Results: sCD14-ST levels were higher in CRC patients with ABO, organ dysfunction, and dead patients. If the sCD14-ST level on the third day after surgery is greater than 520 pg/ml, the risk of a fatal outcome is 12.3 times higher than at its lower level [odds ratio (OR): 12.3, 95% CI: 2.34–64.20]. With the increase in the sCD14-ST level on the third day after surgery from baseline or its decrease by no more than 8.8 pg/ml, the risk of organ dysfunctions is 6.5 times higher than with its greater decline (OR: 6.5, 95% CI: 1.66–25.83). Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that in CRC patients, sCD14-ST can be used as a predictive criterion for the development of organ dysfunction and death. Significantly worse results and prognosis were observed in the patients with higher levels of sCD14-ST on the third day after surgery.

AIM: The aim of the study is to create an easily reproducible experimental model of pancreonecrosis with the least aggressive technique of the operation. METHODS: Twenty-two outbred rabbits of comparable weight and age were included in the study. The animals were removed from the experiment 12, 24, and 48 h after the injection of auto-bile into the parenchyma of the pancreas. RESULTS: After completion of the experiment, rabbit pancreas was extracted, macroscopic and microscopic description was given. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, the proposed model is considered as consistent for reproducing pancreonecrosis in an experiment with less aggressive surgical technique.

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Relevance: Treatment of patients with hepatocellular cancer remains a complex problem in modern oncology. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of chemoembolization in hepatocellular cancer and metastatic liver disease. Results: During and after the procedure, the risk of complications was minimal: in 2 cases (0.25%), liver necrosis and death from cardiovascular insufficiency were recorded after five therapy courses. Eleven patients (23.9%) with a continued tumor growth showed a negative response and were administered symptomatic treatment. Conclusion: In primary hepatocellular cancer and metastatic liver lesions, chemoembolization is one of the priorities in interventional radiology and a stage of complex treatment. This method is low-traumatic due to a minimal toxic effect of the chemotherapy drug. This method is indicated for inoperable liver tumors because a high concentration of an anticancer drug is delivered right to the focus and ensures a prolonged tumor exposure, with minimal risk of complications during and after the procedure. In our observations, complications in the form of necrosis and death occurred in 2 (0.25%) cases