Introduction: Coronavirus is a group of viruses which causes diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, these family of viruses can cause the respiratory infections from mild form to fatal forms. It is preferably called as coronavirus. Formally it known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) and this disease is called as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is infectious in humans and world health organization has announced that Covid-19 as a pandemic disease. Tocilizumab is a biological agent which inhibits the cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6 inhibitor). As SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to the development of cytokine storm syndrome, the drug tocilizumab seems to have positive effect in patients with covid-19. Purpose of the Study: To analyze and review the possible effects and efficacy of the tocilizumab (monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptors) in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Materials and methods: The search strategy on recent research and review articles is used for the SARS-CoV-2 disease and their characteristics. Furthermore we have analyzed most recent research article on monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptors (tocilizumab) and their possible clinical effects in Covid-19 and their clinical trials on Covid-19 patients. Results and Conclusion: Covid-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is a life threatening condition which can give rise to fatal outcomes if left untreated. However there are no approved treatment for covid-19 globally. Furthermore we can conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is associated with worsening of lung conditions characterized by interstitial pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome as a result of cytokine storm syndrome. According to available research data tocilizumab, a recombinant humanized anti-human monoclonal antibody of IgG1τ (gamma 1, kappa) can improve patient’s condition from cytokine storm syndrome by inhibiting the IL-6 (Interleukin 6) receptors. The rational use of the tocilizumab in severe and critically ill covid-19 patients can prevent the development of irreversible lung injury and death of the patient. Three retrospective studies of Xiaoling Xu et al., Pan luo et al. and Paola Tonaiti et al. has shown the efficacy of tocilizumab in severe and critically ill covid-19 patients. However we need more randomized research studies with significant number of patients which can confirm the promising results on tocilizumab treatment in covid-19 patients and even ongoing clinical trails such as TOSCA, COVACTA results has not been published yet which are expected to give better and more significant results on tocilizumab’s effectiveness and safety.

Background: Under normal physiological conditions, endotoxin (ET) released during self-renewal of the colibacillus pool is an obligate stimulus for the formation of the immune system and homeostasis of the body. Violation of the barrier function of the intestinal wall and the mechanisms of neutralization of endotoxin leads to systemic endotoxemia of intestinal origin. It’s development is facilitated by: stress, intoxication, a decrease in nonspecific resistance of the body, as well as damage to the intestinal mucosa and dysbiosis, where the mucous membrane is more vulnerable and permeable to endotoxin. Purpose of the Research: To compare and assess the severity and nature of hepatocyte damage from endotoxin exposure and the degree of manifestation of stress due to oxidation. To determine the characteristics of structural changes in hepatocytes and to assess the oxidation stress during endotoxin intoxication in the experiment with biochemical markers. Materials and Methods: The experiments were conducted on 40 non-linear rats, divided into two groups of 20 animals. Group 1 animals received intraperitoneal injections of ET of Escherichia coli drug (Sigma USA K-235) for seven days at a rate of 0.1 mg / kg of the body weight. Animals of the second group served as control group. Character and stage of liver damage was studied using morphological methods, including electron and light microscopy. In studying oxidizing stress were used biochemical methods to define the changes, such as conjugated diens and dienketones, spontaneous oxidizing modification of proteins. Results and Conclusion: 1. The severity and depth of morphological changes in the liver during endotoxin intoxication were correlated with the dynamics of the content of lipid oxidation products (CD and DK, MDA) and proteins. There was a tendency to a more significant increase in the oxidative modification of proteins in serum. This confirms the data on the primary damage of proteins by free radicals. 2. When exposed to intestinal microflora endotoxin, pronounced dyscirculatory changes, fatty and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes with signs of toxic damage to their nuclei were determined, but at the same time, increased hyperplastic activity of sinusoidal cells remained associated with the effects of endotoxin. These changes are associated with both the direct toxic effect of endotoxin, and the effects of oxidative stress, in which endotoxin is a potent inducer.

: Radiation sterilization is a promising method of obtaining sterile active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), excipients and formulations. One of the best methods of sterilization is to use ionizing radiation. The greatest advantage of ionizing radiation is fact that can be conducted at room temperature or lower. Therefore this procedure of sterilization is reserved for drugs sensitive to the high temperature of autoclaving. Solutions of parenterally administered antibiotics must be absolutely aseptic. Most of the antibiotics are susceptible for the degradation at increased temperature and humidity so radiation is often used to obtain sterile bactericidal drugs.

Introduction: Common purulent peritonitis is one of the most formidable complications in abdominal surgery. Evidence of this is the continuing high mortality rate, which according to various authors, ranges from 11% to 83%. According to modern concepts, the leading role in the development and progression of widespread purulent peritonitis is assigned to enteric insufficiency syndrome (EIS), which occurs in 90-100% of cases. Aim: The aim of the study was to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with peritonitis complicated by the development of enteric insufficiency syndrome and also by developing and introducing into clinical practice a complex of therapeutic measures, including the combined use of enterosorption in combination with antioxidant and antihypoxant therapy. Materials and Methods: The evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed complex therapeutic measures was carried out on the basis of a prospective examination of 83 patients (26 men and 57 women) aged 24 to 76 years with diffuse peritonitis with III-IV degree of operational risk for ASA. The comparison group included 37 healthy people aged from 20 to 54 years. All examined patients were divided into two clinical groups. The first clinical group 67 patients with EI of the first degree and second clinical group 16 patients with II degree EI. Before the operation, a suspension of enterosorbent was preliminarily prepared. Suspension of DS was injected through the inserted probe using a Janet syringe, creating an exposure for 10-15 minutes. Then restored the free outflow of the contents of the probe. After completion of the surgical intervention, in the conditions of the intensive care unit, enterosorption continued to be performed every 8 hours (3 times a day). The study was carried out before the operation and in the terms of the 1-3rd and 10-14th days in the postoperative period. Anti-endotoxin antibodies of classes A, M and G (respectively anti-LPS-IgA, anti-LPS-IgM, anti-LPS-IgG) were determined by ELISA. Results: When used in the postoperative period for the treatment of enteric insufficiency with detoxification and antihypoxic therapy according to the developed method, a favorable effect is noted, which is confirmed by an assessment of the state of antiendotoxin immunity associated with the development of bacterial translocation and enterogenic toxemia. Conclusion: The use of the proposed intestinal therapy in combination with antioxidant and antihypoxic therapy helps to prevent the progression of endogenous intoxication, through inactivation and effective clearance of toxic metabolites, reducing the effects of hypoxia, which leads to a significant decrease in membrane-destabilizing effects from the intestinal cell structures and leads to a significant decrease in the expressed specific antigen of the immune system and better clinical outcomes.

: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common and severe disease among children. The phenomenon of creatinuria (CU) in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) has been acknowledged for relatively long time. : Aim of the research is to study the level of creatinuria, creatinemia, creatine kinase activity and the concentration of calcium in biological medium (blood, saliva, urine) in children suffering from intermittent and persistent form of asthma during the period of exacerbation. Material and methods:: The research consists of 102 children’s with asthma who were treated in inpatient department in Simferopol Clinic. The intermittent course of asthma was recorded in 49 children and persistent course of asthma was recorded in 53 children. The subject of study was blood serum and daily urine of observed patients. The level of calcium in the biological medium was studied using the "Filisit" test kit (Dnipropetrovsk) and the activity of the creatine kinase by test set "Lahma". The levels of creatine and creatinine were determined using a calorimetric method based on a color reaction with picric acid. Results and conclusion: : The analysis testifies that creatinuria in children with persistent BA is caused by the disorder of the phosphorylation process rather than the disorder of creatinin rephospholiration synthesis, that is testified by the normal creatinin level. In children with persistent BA, there is а decrease of creatinin concentration in the blood serum and urine during the exacerbation period and early post exacerbation period. The low activity of creatinin kinase at the background of creatinine elimination is typical for the children in the phase of exacerbation of persistent form of BA, though its level remains to be sufficient for the synthesis of the necessary amount of creatinin phosphate. The processes of creatinuria and calciuria in children suffering from persistent form of BA are interdependent, that is testified by the data of correlative analysis. In connection with this it is possible to consider the change of calcium homeostasis in pathogenesis of the disease as one of the causes of distributing the creatinin metabolism on the cellular level.