The general formulation that personal future time perspective (FTP) is related to the outcome of the socialization process served as the basis for testing the hypothesis that nondelinquent (ND) and delinquent (D) boys would be significantly different in the extent of FTP. 100 NDs and 100 Ds matched for age, social status, race, and intelligence were administered the Future Events Test. The NDs achieved a significantly greater extent of FTP than the Ds. These results were then replicated on a random sample of 100 NDs and 100 Ds. The results were almost identical to those found in the matched groups. An analysis of the 36 items of the Future Events Test revealed those items with (a) differential endorsement between ND and D samples, (b) significantly different mean future age scores between groups, and (c) differential variability between the NDs and Ds. Generally the NDs endorsed the more prosocial items, were more homogeneous in FTP scores, and were more reality oriented with regard to the future.

The 64 items of the CPI So scale were cluster analyzed in a sample of 318 males into 3 main dimensions: C-1-Stable home and school adjustment versus waywardness and dissatisfaction with family; C-2-Optimism and trust in others versus dysphoria, distrust and alienation; C-3-Observation of convention versus asocial role and attitude. The initial sample was comprised of 84 school disciplinary problems (DP), 75 institutionalized delinquents (D), and 169 nondelinquent (ND) boys. A cross-validational sample included 121 ND versus 121 D boys. Each of the 3 clusters differen- tiated significantly between D and ND subsamples. From an inverse cluster analysis of the initial 318 boys over the 3 cluster dimensions, 11 types were generated. Four of these were diagnostic of delinquency, 6 of nondelinquency, and 1 pertained primarily to the intermediate criterion group of school disciplinary problems.

A self-report checklist of antisocial activities was rilled out anonymously by SOS high school boys and 391 boys at institutions for delinquents. The 52 items of the checklist asked the boys about the extent of their participation in a broad range of misbehaviors. Cluster analysis of the items of the scale on 3 different samples revealed 4 dimensions of antisocial behavior: delinquent role, drug usage, parental defiance, and assaultiveness. On each of the 4 dimensions of antisocial behavior, the scores of delinquents and nondelinquents differed significantly. Delinquent boys in the study were then classified into 7 empirical types based on their score patterns on the 4 dimensions. These empirical types differed significantly in racial composition and on other social and personological variables.

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