Relationship between motoric and ideational activity preference and time perspective in neurotics and schizophrenics.

The Cognitive Foundations of Personality Traits

“…Freud, 1952;Kris, 1950;Lewin, 1936;Piaget, 1951;Rapaport, 1951;Werner, 1948). In keeping with this assumption, psychiatric patients with a thought orientation have been found to have higher premorbid social competence, as assessed by an index of maturational level (Phillips & Zigler, 1961); a broader future time perspective, which may require higher abstraction (Stein & Craik, 1965); and higher frequencies of movement responses to the Rorschach, which may be indicative of a higher developmental level (Kruger, 1954;Misch, 1954).…”

“…The tendencies toward cognitive and motor activities have been shown to be characteristic personality variables that play a role in normal and abnormal individuals, affecting different behaviors (Phillips & Zigler, 1961Stein & Craik, 1965). The stability of these tendencies over time (Phillips & Zigler, 1961}, their relation to sociocultural variables such as sex-role identification (Keller, 1978, pp.…”

“…The stability of these tendencies over time (Phillips & Zigler, 1961}, their relation to sociocultural variables such as sex-role identification (Keller, 1978, pp. 79-85), and their simultaneous presence in every individual (Stein & Craik, 1965) highlight their status as traits. However, they are more often mentioned as constituents of extroversion-introversion than as independent traits.…”

“…The fifth issue in this study focused on comparing the patterns of intercorrelations with meaning variables of two different measures of thought tendencies: the Jancke-Boucsein Scale Gancke, 1973}, which explores different aspects of the individual's thinking and cognitive activities, and Stein and Craik's (1965) Motoric-Ideational Activity Preference Scale (MIAPS), which investigates only preferences for activities and provides two kinds of scores (direct scores of preferences and a derived index). It was of interest to examine differences in the number and kind of meaning variables related to the Jancke-Boucsein Scale and to each of the two kinds of scores based on the MIAPS.…”

The paranoid person: cognitive motivations and personality traits

“…The meaning-based scores correspond in each case to scores assessed originally by the standard tools for those traits. The list includes meaning-based scores that correspond to personality traits assessed by major inventories: the MMPI (13 scales), the Personality Research Form (PRF; Jackson, 1984;22 scores), the 16 Personality Factors (PF; Cattell and Eber, 1964;25 scores), the California Personality Inventory (CPI; Gough, 1975), the Myers±Briggs Type Indicator (Myers, 1979; four scores), Bem's (1974) Sex Role Inventory (four scores), and Zuckerman's (1979) Sensation Seeking Scale (five scores), as well as scores corresponding to 19 other personality traits including Machiavellianism (Christie and Geis, 1970), need for power (McClelland, 1975), approval motive (Crowne and Marlowe, 1964), extraversion (Eysenck and Eysenck, 1964), ego strength (Barron, 1953), anality (Beloff, 1957), locus of control (Rotter, 1966), dogmatism (Rokeach, 1960), authoritarianism (Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswick, Levinson and Sanford, 1950), cleanliness and order, avarice, hypochondriasis, and impulsivity (Kreitler and Kreitler, 1990a, studies 9 and 10), preferences for cognitive activity (Janke, 1973), ideational, and motor activities (Stein and Craik, 1965), trust (Philosophies of Human Nature scale; Wrightman, 1974), repressiveness (Weinberger, Schwartz and Davidson, 1979), and intolerance of ambiguity (Rydell and Rosen, 1966). In addition we included eight anxiety scores corresponding to the IPAT Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (Krug, Scheier and Cattell, 1976), Manifest Anxiety Scale (MAS; Taylor, 1953), trait anxiety of the State±Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene and Vagg, 1977), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS; Zung and Cavenar, 1980), the Test Anxiety Scale (TAS; Sarason, 1978), the Zuckerman Inventory of Personal Relations (ZIPERS; Zuckerman, 1979), the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist (MAACL; Z...…”