Most of the pigs on a farm in Aichi Prefecture, Japan had chronic diarrhea and severe wasting. The pigs had consumed 8,000 ppm zinc oxide (ZnO) as a feed additive. The pancreas of each of 4 autopsied pigs was less than half the normal size. Acinar cells were considerably decreased. Epithelial duct–like cells were increased and tested positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, Ki67, PGP9.5, and Sox9. Pancreatic islet cells were decreased and shrunken. The α and δ cells were relatively decreased, and their distribution was abnormal. Islet cells were positive for PGP9.5. The livers and kidneys had high accumulations of zinc (Zn; 788 µg/g and 613 µg/g, respectively). Copper was deficient in the liver, likely as a result of Zn poisoning. Our immunohistologic examination suggested that the high dose of ZnO could influence the function of islet cells in addition to that of acinar cells. Given that colistin sulfate has been banned as a feed additive in order to reduce antimicrobial use in Japan, the use of ZnO in the livestock industry is expected to increase. Zn supplementation of pig feed must be monitored to prevent Zn poisoning and contamination of soil and water.
S h i m o n a k a , S a d o w a r a c h o , M i y a z a k i , M i y a z a k i 8 8 0 -0 2 1 2 , J a p a n 1
) H i n o d e A n i m a l C l i n i c , 4 -1 O w a k i , H e i j i m a c h o , Ya t o m i ,
A 7-day-old calf died following development of mild respiratory symptoms. Postmortem
examination revealed the kidneys were inflamed, and Gram-negative bacteria was detected in
the kidneys, supporting the diagnosis of suppurative pyelonephritis.
Mannheimia
varigena
antigen was found in the lesions and the cytoplasm of macrophages and
neutrophils in the renal cortex. The Gram-negative bacilli from the kidney were identified
as
M. varigena
by sequencing the 16S rDNA. Although
M.
varigena
is known to cause bovine respiratory disease syndrome, shipping fever,
and meningitis, it was unknown that it could also cause suppurative pyelonephritis. Our
study provides the first evidence of suppurative pyelonephritis caused by
M.
varigena
in cattle and information that would improve our understanding,
diagnosis, and treatment for
M. varigena
infections.
Five-day-old neonatal piglets presented with debilitation and ananastasia. At the
necropsy of one piglet, the apex of the tongue was found to be discolored dark red, and
disseminated white foci were found on the cut surface. Many white foci were also found in
the lungs and on the serosa of the liver and spleen. Histopathological findings revealed
multifocal necrotic glossitis and pneumonia with Gram-negative bacilli. The bacilli were
identified as
Actinobacillus suis
through immunohistochemical,
biochemical, and genetic tests, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although
A.
suis
usually causes inflammation in thoracic and abdominal organs, lesions were
also found in the tongue in the present case. This study is the first report of glossitis
caused by
A. suis
.
A 5-month-old crossbred beef steer died after exhibiting astasia. A postmortem
examination revealed verrucous endocarditis and numerous renal hemorrhages. Gram-positive
bacteria were identified in the necrotic lesions of the verruca and mitral valve via
histopathological analysis. Multifocal necrosis and hemorrhage were detected in the renal
cortex. Gram-positive cocci isolated from the verruca were identified via biochemical
tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Streptococcus suis.
Serotyping indicated that the S. suis isolates were untypable, following
which these isolates were classified as a new sequence type (ST1000) via multi-locus
sequence typing. S. suis is an important pathogen of pigs. However,
clinical cases in cattle are rare. This report is intended to provide information that may
be useful in the diagnosis of streptococcal disease in cattle.
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