The high level of ammonia and nitrite is a toxic factor for both poultry and aquaculture animals that directly lead to lower economic benefits. Thus, reducing ammonia and nitrite levels is an essential key for successful culture and is also important to reduce the amount of ammonia and nitrite released into the environment. This study aimed to screen bacteria having a capacity to degrade either ammonia or nitrite in vitro. Five bacterial strains previously isolated from broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) intestine and pond sediment of Nile Nilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in this study, namely IBP-1, IBP-2, IBP-3, IBP-4, and IBP-5 strains. The screenings were performed using either NH4Cl containing medium or NaNO2 containing medium to determine the ability of bacteria to reduce ammonia or nitrite respectively. The ammonia and nitrite levels were afterwards measured at the beginning (day 0: before bacterial inoculation), 24h (day 1), 48h (day 2), and 72h (day 3) after the addition of 1 ml of the bacterial suspension. The results showed that the five bacterial isolates were able to degrade the ammonia and nitrite content. The greatest reduction of ammonia was achieved by IBP-4 strain (0.00 mg/l), followed by IBP-5 strain (0.04 mg/l), IBP-1 strain (0.05 mg/l), IBP-3 strain (0.14 mg/l) and IBP-2 strain (0.19 mg/l). IBP-1 and IBP-2 strains showed the highest reduction of nitrite levels with values of 0.01 mg/l and 0.02 mg/l after 72h of bacterial inoculation. These results suggest that the five bacterial strains are potentially used for degrading toxic ammonia and nitrite.

ObjectiveNasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) remains the highest head and neck malignancy in Asia, especially in Southeast Asia. The exosome is a nanocarrier that has a role in inhibit or promote the progression of cancer as well as the marker to knows the response of therapy depending on its carrier inside. NPC-exosome carriers including LMP-1 and p53. LMP-1 is a main oncogene of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) the predominant cause of NPC. Wild type p53 known as the main inhibitor of cancer growth. The study aims to compare the concentration of exosomes and the characteristic of LMP-1 and p53 inside exosomes among patients with NPCResultEight patients fulfilled the study criteria. The mean age was 37,5 years old (SD = 9,9), most of them were stage III. The mean exosome RNA concentration before and after chemoradiation was 14,39 and 3,61 ng/ml with a p-value of 0,04. LMP-1 expression was documented inside the exosome. Expression of p53 in exon 4-5 and 5-6 are express well, except on exon 7-8. Furthermore, there was a significant increase of p53 expression relative to the housekeeping gene in exon 4-5 and 5-6 after chemoradiation with a p-value of 0,001 and 0,002 consecutively.

Pakan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan budidaya ternak unggas dan udang. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh budidaya kedua komiditas tersebut adalah tingginya biaya pakan. Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah optimalisasi penggunaan bahan lokal yang didukung oleh penggunaan sinbiotik. Sinbiotik merupakan kombinasi antara probiotik dan prebiotik yang dapat memberikan manfaat bagi peningkatan kecernaan pakan serta keseimbangan mikroorganisme saluran pencernaan ternak unggas dan udang untuk kesehatan. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan peternak unggas dan udang dalam memproduksi sinbiotik sebagai campuran pakan berbahan baku lokal. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Pijot Kecamatan Keruak Kabupaten Lombok Timur Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah pelatihan pembuatan sinbiotik dan uji palatabilitas sinbiotik pada ternak unggas dan udang. Pelatihan pembuatan probiotik menyangkut penentuan jumlahdan jenis bahan baku sinbiotik, pencampuran probiotik dan prebiotik, pembuatan pellet (pelleting) dan proses pengeringan. Untuk mengetahui tingkat palatabilitas pada unggas dan udang, sinbiotik yang sudah dihasilkan diberikan ke ternak unggas dan udang. Penggunaan sinbiotik pada campuran pakan ternak unggas dan udang dapat mengurangi biaya pakan sehingga peternak mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah peternak dapat menerima inovasi dengan baik, mampu mempersiapkan bahan baku dan melaksanakan proses pembuatan sinbiotik.

Waste is an unused material by the previous owner, anyway the waste can reused by managing it properly. The Problem In big cities commonly waste that comes from settlements and traditional markets. Most of the waste produced by traditional markets (95%) is organic waste. The way to overcome the problem of waste by recycle or reuse it. One of waste that able to be ethanol by using manufacture methods. The process to beethanol accelerated by adding activators that material content of microorganisms (bacterial culture), mold and yeast.This study was a true Experimented design post-test that aims to determined the dosage and time of ethanol was produced from cassava skin waste using bread and tapai yeast as activators. This study used 300 grams of cassava skin waste plus 100 ml of distilled water and each added three different types of bread yeast doses and tapai yeast each 1.35 mg, 2.25 mg and 3.15 mg. Each activator performed a bivariate statistical test by using the Tindependent test with a significant level of 5% (0.05). This research was conducted at the Environmental Health Departemen Laboratory of the Polytechnic of Health in Palembang and at the Laboratory of the Pharmacy College of Bhakti Pertiwi Palembang on July-December 2019. The results showed that the most effective time to produce ethanol by usingtapai yeast activator. The most effective amount of ethanol produced by using tapai yeast activator. The conclusions of this research show that the tapai yeast activator is more effective way to produce ethanol than bread yeast activator. The recommended to make ethanoluse cassava skin waste andtapai yeast as activator.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas program penyuluhan perikanan yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa KKN Universitas Mataram terhadap peningkatan kemampuan pembudidayaan ikan air tawar di Desa Pringgabaya. Desa Pringgabaya memiliki potensi pengembangan pembudidaya ikan air tawar dengan tersedianya lokasi kolam dan sumber air yang tak pernah kering sepanjang tahun.  Namun dalam pemanfaatan dan pengoptimalan potensi tersebut tidak dapat dimaksimalkan dikarenakan pengetahuan masyarakat akan pembudidayaan ikan konsumsi yang tepat belum menyeluruh. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil observasi lapangan dan wawancara, sedangkan dapat sekunder didapatkan dari kajian pustaka, web internet dan jurnal online. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan ialah kualitatif deskriptif. Metode ini dipilih agar penulis mampu menjelaskan dan menggambarkan keadaan langsung yang terjadi di lapangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kemampuan masyarakat khususnya mitra yang digandeng dalam penelitian meningkat dari 10 indikator yang diberikan. Dari 10 indikator ketercapaian, terdapat 9 indikator yang tercapai sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa tingkat keefektifannya mencapai 90%. Program ini terbukti mampu meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat Desa Pringgabaya dalam pembudidayaan ikan air tawar.