Background:The dramatic increase in the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a source of nosocomial and communityassociated infections in Saudi Arabia has attracted the attention of many researchers and public health workers. Hence, the aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the extent of the problem in Saudi Arabia at large. Methodology:PubMed database was searched for articles about the prevalence of MRSA in Saudi Arabia, and the relevant data from all eligible studies were analyzed to assess the overall prevalence rate by ProMeta3. Results:Seven articles were included in this meta-analysis with the sample size of 8433 individual. The overall prevalence of MRSA was 38% (95% CI: 28 -50). The prevalence of MRSA according to the region was 32% (95%CI: 21 -46) for the central region and 42% (95% CI: 33 -52) for the western region. Conclusion:The findings of this study indicate that the overall prevalence of MRSA in Saudi Arabia is relatively high, with the western region showing the highest prevalence rates, which necessitates the urgent implementation of preventive and educative strategies.

Background The lack of effective treatment against the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 has aggravated the already catastrophic global health issue. Here, in an attempt to design an efficient vaccine, a thorough immunoinformatics approach was followed to predict the most suitable viral proteins epitopes for building that vaccine. Methods The amino acid sequences of four structural proteins (S, M, N, E) along with one potentially antigenic accessory protein (ORF1a) of SARS-CoV-2 were inspected for the most appropriate epitopes to be used for building the vaccine construct. Several immunoinformatics tools were used to assess the antigenicity (VaxiJen server), immunogenicity (IEDB immunogenicity tool), allergenicity (AlgPred), toxigenicity (ToxinPred server), interferon-gamma inducing capacity (IFNepitope server), and the physicochemical properties of the construct (ProtParam tool). Results The final candidate vaccine construct consisted of 468 amino acids, encompassing 29 epitopes. The CTL epitopes that passed the antigenicity, allergenicity, toxigenicity and immunogenicity assessment were four epitopes from S protein, one from M protein, two from N protein, 12 from the ORF1a polyprotein and none from E protein. While the HTL epitopes that passed the antigenicity, allergenicity, toxigenicity and INF-$$\gamma$$ γ were one from S protein, three from M protein, six from the ORF1a polyprotein and none from N and E proteins. All the vaccine properties and its ability to trigger the humoral and cell-mediated immune response were validated computationally. Molecular modeling, docking to TLR3, simulation, and molecular dynamics were also carried out. Finally, a molecular clone using pET28::mAID expression plasmid vector was prepared. Conclusion The overall results of the study suggest that the final multi-epitope chimeric construct is a potential candidate for an efficient protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.

At the moment, most of the hospitals are more interested in patient satisfaction because this has been identified as a main issue of quality of service indexes. In most of the Asian countries’ the type of registration system being operated in the healthcare systems are a sort of mixed-mode. Specifically, there are scheduled patients, as well as patients who just walk in and register. Unfortunately, this type of registration structure could increase the patient waiting period even in emergency cases. Interestingly, various methodologies have been explored in order to shorten this undesirable waiting time. This paper focuses on exploration of the characteristics and significance of existing models and simulation techniques from the literature. The combination of agent-based modelling (ABM), DES and integration of DES and ABS technique has been chosen as the solution to modelling patient emergency waiting time in the emergency department realistically. The proactive and independent characteristics of agents in both approaches will contribute to the good representation of patient emergency waiting time in the especially in the emergency department.

<em>Disaster is an event that suddenly or slowly occurs caused by human, nature, or even both. Disaster is not only related to the physical environment where disaster found but also to the livelihood of the community. Coastal rural is vulnerable to the coastal disaster such as flood and tidal flood due to their high dependency on the coastal resources. The vulnerability assessment of the coastal rural is very important in order to identify the level of vulnerability and to recommend crucial strategies to reduce the risk of disaster exposure in the future. This study aims to identify the socio-economic vulnerability in the rural coastal community of Demak Regency. Vulnerability assessment was carried out through a spatial explicit modeling. The results show that 33 (thirty-three) villages or about 42% were categorized as most vulnerable. While, 45 (forty-five) others or about 59% are less vulnerable. Therefore, efforts on the disaster mitigation are necessary to be done to reduce the exposure impact to the coastal rural community.   </em>

Abstrak: Bencana alam merupakan suatu atau serangkaian kejadian yang terjadi secara tibatiba ataupun perlahan oleh manusia, alam, atau keduanya. Bencana alam di wilayah pedesaan pesisir tidak hanya berkaitan dengan kondisi wilayah dimana bencana itu terjadi, melainkan juga berkaitan dengan pola kehidupan dan penghidupan masyarakatnya. Di sisi lain, kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat pedesaan di pesisir lebih rentan terhadap paparan bencana mengingat ketergantungan yang tinggi terhadap sumber daya pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana kerentanan sosio-ekonomi masyarakat pedesaan di pesisir Kabupaten Demak terhadap paparan bencana banjir dan rob. Kerentanan yang dimaksud dinilai secara spasial pada unit desa yang tersebar di 4 (empat) Kecamatan di wilayah pesisir Demak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 33 desa atau sekitar 42% dari 78 desa yang dikaji terkategori sebagai paling rentan secara sosio-ekonomi. Sementara itu, 45 desa yang lain atau sekitar 58% terkategori tidak begitu rentan. Dari hasil penelitian yang didapatkan, diperlukan upaya lebih lanjut untuk menangani masyarakat yang terkategori paling rentan tersebut agar dapat lebih tanggap dari dampak bencana banjir dan rob.Kata Kunci: bencana banjir dan rob, kerentanan sosio-ekonomi, masyarakat pesisir pedesaan