Nowadays, the development of Sharia Banks (SB) in Indonesia showed positive results. However, the development of SB is still slow because their competitiveness levels are far from the conventional banks, which is proven by the small amount of market shares. One of the efforts to gain competitiveness is by maintaining efficiency that it can give magnificent boost to the development. This paper aims to estimate factors that are affecting efficiency of Sharia banks in Indonesia. The use of panel data of 11 public SB from 2012 – 2016 and random effect regression illustrate how CAR, ROA, ROE, NPF, FDR and Number of Branches (NB) affect efficiency. In particular, we use Operating Expense Ratio (OER) to determine the efficiency level of Sharia Banks. The estimation finds that ROA, FDR, NB have reverse correlation toward OER, NPF has positive effect, and CAR as well as ROE are not significantly affect OER.

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This study examines the impact of educational attainment and work experiences on earnings of workers from the manufacturing sector in Indonesia. For the last seven years, this sector contributes the most GDP share (approximately more than 20%) compared to other largest sectors namely agriculture, forestry, and fishery as well as wholesale and retail trades. Interestingly, manufacturing sector has the lowest number of workers compared to other mentioned sectors. Based on this comparison, manufacturing sector is likely requires workers who have a good educational background and work experiences. Moreover, workers in manufacturing sector have higher earnings compare to the other two sectors for almost all educational attainments and its rate is increasing along with the incremental of the level of education. The study estimates are based on the Mincerian wage equation with a large cross-section data of Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5. The results show that educational attainment and work experiences are significantly and positively correlated with the earnings in both urban and rural area.