Abstrak Konflik atau perselisihan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat, seringkali dianggap sebagai suatu masalah yang negatif (disfungsional ),
This research aims to explain in detail about the condition of Gapoktan institutional through activities of Reinforcement of Society Food's Distributive Institution (Reinforcement-LDPM) at the Regency of Grobogan considered from superstructur aspect, community profiles of farmers the member of Gapoktan, and organizational profile aspect of the Gapoktan. Qualitative method and descriptive approach were used in this research. The sampling was snowball sampling technique. The technique of data collection used visceral interview, observation, and record-keeping. The tryout of data validity used triangulation source and triangulation method, whereas the data analysis used three main components, i.e. (1) data reduction, (2) data display, and (3) drawing conclusion and verification. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that analysis of Gapoktan institutional considered from superstructure aspects including government policy which influenced Gapoktan institutional. Both the federal government and local government of Grobogan Regency have issued some policies that support the reinforcement activities of Society Food's Distributive Institution (LDPM), but the government policy about Bulog standardization was considered that it was too difficult for Gapoktan institutional. Considered from community profile, the development of Gapoktan institutional has transpired well enough because of having sufficient asset, collective action in both of routine meeting and directive counseling, drawing conclusion by the chief of Gapoktan through discussion and coordination focus, whereas the relationship between Gapoktan institutional with the other Gapoktan has transpired well. Considered from its institutional profile, the Gapoktan still had constraints or problem. Looking to its organization system, the structure of labor units of the reinforcement activities of Society Food's Distributive Institution (LDPM) had not been organized well. The members prefer to profitable jobs than the voluntary Gapoktan. Outsides, the institutional management and resource allocation had not well complied.
This research used the BuzzBreak Application in Bungkuk Magetan Village. The purpose of this study is to explain the principles of Islamic law on contracts and the mechanism for using BuzzBreak, then the application of Islamic law on passive income using BuzzBreak in Bungkuk Magetan Village. The qualitative research method was used, with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. From this research, the key is that the contract and mechanism for the BuzzBreak application in Bungkuk Magetan Village have met the terms and conditions of the ju'ālah contract. It is mainly the official BuzzBreak application from the Google Play Store. The mechanism for using the BuzzBreak application from a website that has implemented it does not meet the requirements. One condition of the ju'ālah contract is that the benefits made by the actor ('āmil) must have a value for their efforts (kulfah), because work that does not have the value of hard work is not worthy of being commercialized according to sharia. Meanwhile, the bonus given to the BuzzBreak application according to the DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 Regarding Sharia Tiered Direct Selling is not appropriate because there are still bonuses that can be obtained without carrying out the missions in the BuzzBreak application. Penelitian ini berangkat dari praktik penggunaan Aplikasi BuzzBreak di Desa Bungkuk Magetan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap akad dan mekanisme penggunaan aplikasi BuzzBreak dan tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap passive income pada penggunaan aplikasi BuzzBreak di Desa Bungkuk Magetan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa akad dan mekanisme aplikasi BuzzBreak di Desa Bungkuk Magetan menurut hukum Islam telah memenuhi rukun dan syarat dari akad ju’ālah terutama aplikasi BuzzBreak yang resmi dari Google Play Store, sedangkan untuk mekanisme penggunaan aplikasi BuzzBreak dari website yang sudah dimodifikasi belum memenuhi salah satu syarat dari akad ju’ālah yaitu manfaat yang dikerjakan pelaku (‘āmil) harus ada nilai jerih-payahnya (kulfah), sebab pekerjaan yang tidak ada nilai jerih-payahnya, tidak layak dikomersilkan secara syar’i. Sedangkan pemberian bonus pada aplikasi BuzzBreak menurut Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 Tentang Penjualan Langsung Berjenjang Syariah belum sesuai karena masih ada bonus yang diperoleh secara pasif tanpa menjalankan misi yang ada di aplikasi BuzzBreak.
<p>Pada era modern ini, pembicaraan masalah hukum Islam lebih banyak pada masalah muamalah daripada ibadah. Isu yang berkaitan dengan ekonomi, diantaranya adalah lembaga asuransi. Sebagai imbas dari proses globalisasi, lembaga asuransi ini diboyong ke dunia Islam. Maka, menjadi tugas hukum Islam untuk menindaklanjuti ataupun memberi <br />tanggapan, baik dalam bentuk legalitas formal ataupun dalam wujud pengIslaman lembaga tersebut. Masalah asuransi ini tidak ada dijelaskan secara tegas dalam nash. Oleh karenanya, masalah asuransi dipandang sebagai masalah ijtiha>di>yaitu masalah perbedaan pendapat. Praktik asuransi dalam budaya masyarakat Indonesia secara non formal sebenarnya sudah sering dilakukan. Sedangkan untuk asuransi yang dilembagakan belum banyak direspon. Asuransi sebenarnya banyak memiliki manfaat yang luas dan kompleks, disamping memberikan <br />simbiosis mutualisme antara nasabah dan perusahaan. Namun, masyarakat Indonesia ternyata masih belum memanfaatkan keberadaan perusahaan asuransi sebagai sarana melindungi diri dan keluarga serta harta benda dari kejadian-kejadian yang tak terduga. Masyarakat masih sangat awam dengan asuransi dan belum banyak mengenal jenis-jenis produksi asuransi yang tersedia. Melihat manfaat asuransi yang demikian itu, hukum Islam sebagai penjabaran dan aplikasi aktual syari’ah haruslah diterjemahkan dengan mengikuti semangat zaman dan kemanusiaan, sehingga, inner-dinamicnya sebagai hukum untuk manusia tidak akan kehilangan konteksnya.</p><p>Kata kunci: Asuransi, Perkembangan Hukum Islam, Sosiologis</p>
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