A aplicação de herbicidas com adjuvantes pode melhorar a eficiência de controlede plantas daninhas como a Digitaria insularis L., que ocasiona prejuízos emdiversas culturas agrícolas devido a sua alta competitividade e dificuldade decontrole. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o sinergismo do adjuvanteSinerMax® associado aos herbicidas cletodim, glifosato e haloxifop-P-metílico nocontrole do capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis L). O experimento foi conduzidoentre setembro e outubro de 2018. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o emblocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2+1 com 5 repetições, sendo ostratamentos com cletodim 240 g L-1 de i.a. (0,45 l ha-1), glifosato 480 g L-1 de i.a.(4 L ha-1) e haloxifop-P-metílico 124,7 g L-1 de i.a. (0,5 L ha-1) associados ou nãoao adjuvante SinerMax® (0,5 L ha-1) e o tratamento controle sem uso de herbicida,sendo avaliado a ausência de dano aparente, a morte completa da planta e matériaseca das plantas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância e asmédias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott à 5% probabilidade. Os herbicidashaloxifop-P-metílico e glifosato apresentam os melhores níveis de controle deDigitaria insularis L., com maior fitotoxidade (entre 60 e 90%) e menor acúmulode matéria seca em relação ao tratamento controle. O adjuvante (SinerMax®)associado aos herbicidas glifosato, haloxifop-P-metílico e cletodim não resultouem maior eficiência de controle de D. insularis L.
<p>One of the alternatives to increase productivity and without harming the environment is the use of green cover associated with soil bioactivators. However, there are still incipient studies reporting the association influence of these two techniques on soil quality. In this sense, the objective in this work was to evaluate the Penergetic<sup>®</sup> bioactivator effect associated to different cover plants on the physical and biological characteristics of the soil cultivated with coffee tree. The experiment was carried out in a coffee field with <em>Catuaí Vermelho</em> cultivar IAC 144, in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme 4 (soil cover) x 2 (use or not of the Penergetic<sup>®</sup> bioactivator), consisting of control (without plant cover); oats (<em>Avena strigosa</em>) + forage turnip (<em>Raphanus sativus</em>); oats (<em>Avena strigosa</em>) + forage turnip (<em>Raphanus sativus</em>) + lupine (<em>Lupinus albus</em>) + rye (<em>Secale cereale</em>) + vetch (<em>Vicia sativa</em>) (RLSV); <em>Brachiaria brizantha</em> (<em>Urochloa brizantha</em>), associated or not with the Penergetic® bioactivator use. The experiment was conducted for 6 months and after that period physical and biological soil characteristics were analyzed. Data were analyzed by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. The treatments containing cover plants had lower temperature and greater water retention. The bioactivator use reduced the nematodes population from the <em>Meloidogyne</em> genus and when associated to the cover plants increased the density of diazotrophic bacteria and solubilizers of phosphorus and potassium.</p>
<p>According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, global warming is expected with temperature rise and changes in the rainfall in tropical regions, including soil warming, which may lead losses to perennial plants. This phenomenon causes researchers to search through science alternatives in order to minimize these impacts. The objective in this research was to evaluate the cultivation of different plants in a intercropping for the coffee tree shading and its influence on the seedlings establishment, development, coffee growth and the maintenance of lower soil temperatures. The experiment was carried out at the Santa Felicidade Site, Campestre - municipality - South of MG , located at 21 ° 43’ 12 “South and 46 ° 14’ 46” West at an altitude of 1.106 meters. The cultivar used was the Catuai IAC 144, was intercropped with the following species: maize (Zea mays L.), guandu (Cajanus cajan L.), crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis L.), mucuna (Stizolobium aterrimun) and control without any intercrop, totaling five treatments. The plants sowing for shading was performed using a manual planter and the planting was done in 4 plots per treatment, totaling 20 experimental units in a randomized block design with 14 coffee plants per plot. The 10 central plants were analyzed. At the end of the experiment, the following characteristics were evaluated: seedlings establishment, growth in height, average length of plagiotropic branches, number of internodes in plagiotropic branches, coffee canopy and soil temperature. The data were statistically interpreted by means of variance analysis. The means were grouped by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability using the statistical software SISVAR®. According to the results obtained the shading plants in intercropped with the coffee tree managed in the post-planting and first-year phases contributed to a better coffee tree development, observed mainly in the treatments using the Crotalaria and Guandu species.</p>
Aiming to determine the interaction between climatic factors, flowering and yield of dry arabica coffee in municipalities in the regions of Southern Minas Gerais and Alto Paranaíba, both in the State of Minas Gerais, this study considered data from the harvest years 2008/2009 to 2017/2018, and climatic data analyzed according to the coffee phenological cycle. The determination of significant variables used the Stepwise method and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The association of yield with climatic variables used a generalized linear model with gamma distribution and logarithmic function. Average flowering (20% to 50% of flowers per branch) used a logistic regression model. The productive variability of arabica coffee showed an association with the biennial cycle, the occurrence of medium and main flowering, flowering period and rains in bean formation. The occurrence of average flowering and the frequency of rainfall during bean formation enhanced coffee yield, at the same time as the increment in maximum temperature in vegetative bud formation reduced flowering and yield.
A colheita do café é uma das atividades mais onerosas e impacta diretamente no custo de produção e qualidade, portanto é uma etapa que merece muita ateção. Porém, uma das limitações da colheita, seja no sistema manual ou mecanizado, é a desuniformidade de maturação, que prejudica o desempenho operacional e a qualidade do produto final, gerando perdas econômicas aos produtores. A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Fazenda Santa Rita, município de Machado - MG, e objetivou avaliar o tempo de secagem, a qualidade física e sensorial do café cereja descascado com e sem aplicação de etileno, submetidos a três manejos de secagem. O experimento instalado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (3 metodologias de secagem associado a sem e com uso de etileno) em blocos casualizados com 4 repetições para cada tratamento, totalizando 24 unidades experimentais, com 30 litros de café cada. Foram colhidos 5500 litros de café da gleba que foi submetida à aplicação de etileno, e da gleba que não foi submetida, processados até obter a porção cereja descascado dos lotes. Após a secagem, as amostras foram submetidas a um período de descanso de 30 dias, beneficiadas e enviadas para análises de qualidade. Foi analisado o tempo de secagem a qualidade através da prova de xícara pela metodologia SCAA por 3 classificadores de instituições credenciadas. Entre os métodos de secagem orientado terreiro concreto, normal terreio concreto e suspendo orientado recomenda-se o primeiro por proporcionar menor tempo de secagem e não haver diferenças na qualidade do café. A aplicação do etileno não interferiu nas características avaliadas.
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