For the arid conditions of the Lower Volga region, plague is a promising forage crop. The article presents the results of assessing the study of the effect of the seeding rate and sowing methods on the yield of seeds of the plague variety Stachumi 3, which made it possible to identify the optimal option for obtaining the maximum yield. The study was carried out on the experimental field of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Russian Research Institute of Sorghum and Corn Rossorgo, which is located in the suburban microzone of the Saratov region and is geographically located in the southern part of the chernozem zone of the Lower Volga region. The climate of the region is sharply continental and dry. The soil of the experimental field is southern chernozem. The results obtained were confirmed by the analysis of variance of a two-factor experiment on the study of six gradations of factor A (seeding rate from 1.25 to 7.50 million pcs./ha) and three gradations of factor B (seeding method with row spacing 70, 30 and 15 cm), according to the data of which revealed significant differences in the influence of the seeding rate on the yield of plague seeds. On average, over four years of study (2013-2016), the highest yield in the experiment was obtained at a seeding rate of 1.25 million pcs./ha with a wide-row sowing method with a row spacing of 70 cm - 2.13 t/ha, when sowing the same the norm with a decrease in the width of the row spacing to 30 cm, the yield decreased by 22.6 %. In the most favorable year in terms of moisture in 2013 (GTC = 1.7), the maximum yield in the experiment was obtained at a seeding rate of 2.50 million pcs./ha and amounted to 3.81 t /ha. The tendency of decrease in the yield of plague seeds with an increase in the seeding rate has been established. The lowest yield in the experiment was obtained with an ordinary sowing method (15 cm) and a seeding rate of 7.50 million pcs./ha - 0.36 t/ha. The main share in the manifestation of the trait over the three years of study was made by factor A (seeding rate) and amounted to 77.6-80.7% of the total sum of squares, and in 2016 the share of the influence of this factor was 29.5 % only. Factor B (sowing method) in 2013-2015 accounts for from 8.0 % to 13.8 %, and in 2016 the share of the studied factor increased upto 62.1 %. The proportional participation of the interaction of AB factors varied insignificantly over the years of the study.

The article presents the results of an ecological study of lentil varieties in the steppe conditions of the Lower Volga region and the Republic of Crimea. The study revealed the yield of lentil varieties at various test points. Evaluation of variety in terms of adaptability made it possible to distribute them into the following groups: 1 - extensive forms with very low phenotypic stability (Orlovskaya red); 2 - forms with high phenotypic stability (Octave, Delta, Hope, Ruby, Light, Rauza, Aida, Eastern); 3 - intensive form with reduced phenotypic stability (Danae); 4 - intensive form with low phenotypic stability (Piquant). Keywords: LENTIL, VARIETY, YIELD, SEEDS, SELECTION

Corn (Zea mays L.) has gained wide popularity in the Russian regions and is widely cultivated in our country. The soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region are quite favorable for the cultivation of corn, which makes it possible to expand the acreage to fulfill the tasks of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, the creation of productive and disease-resistant corn hybrids. The article presents the results of the creation and production of corn hybrids using various cultivation technologies, including the use of fertilizers. An economic assessment of the results of scientific research is given. Keywords: CORN, HYBRID POPULATION, FERTILIZER, YIELD, PLANT DENSITY, CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY

Аннотация: Рассматривается применение спектрального метода к синтезу систем управления электроприводами. Предлагается использовать отличную от традиционной систему базисных функций. Показано, что диадное вейвлет-преобразование сигналов удовлетворяет основным требованиям к системам базисных функций.

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is widely cultivated in arid conditions of southern countries for fodder and food purposes, and also as a green manure crop. The soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region are quite favorable for the cultivation of the grass pea. This makes it possible to expand the area under crops to meet such goals of the food program as increasing the production of protein for food and feed purposes. The study of the breeding material of the grass pea makes it possible to supplement the gene pool of high-protein crops. The article presents the results of the use of biometric methods for assessing the gene pool of the grass pea. Statistical indicators of the sample, coefficients of variation of traits were identified, significant differences in the breeding material for the studied traits were noted. The yield of gross energy with seeds was determined: 16,66-33,51 GJ/ha. Keywords: GRASS PEA, LINE, PRODUCTIVITY, VARIATION, PROTEIN, SELECTION