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For over a century, zinc phosphate cement (ZPC) has been conventionally used as a luting agent, with its long-term longitudinal longevity being reported in several studies. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, this cement adheres to teeth and castings only by mechanical interlocking. Glass ionomer cement and carboxylate cement were developed for physicochemical bonding around 1970 9,10 ; however, as their adhesive properties were similar to those of ZPC, ZPC continued to be used clinically. 11 In the early 1950s, insoluble dental resins were developed as adhesive cements to prevent secondary caries and dislodgement over time. However, the adhesion of resin cements to tooth structure was limited until Buonocore 12 reported the acid-etching technique in 1955. In 1963, Masuhara and Kojima reported that methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerized with the initiator tributylborane (TBB) bonded well to wet elephant tusk ivory and teeth 13 without acidic adhesive monomers or the acid etching technique. This MMA/TBB autopolymerizing resin was first marketed as Orthomite (Mochida Pharmaceutical Co Ltd) in 1971 for the direct bonding of This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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