Background Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder affecting more than 21 million worldwide. In Indonesia, 14.3% of households have a patient with a mental disorder, and the majority of these are in rural areas. Family members in Indonesia use repressive social measures like pasung (physical restraint and confinement) for these patients. A study was conducted with the objective to determine the factors associated with pasung among patients with schizophrenia in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia 2017. Methods A case-control study was conducted in Bogor Regency from May–June 2017. A case subject was defined as a patient with schizophrenia who was ever subjected to pasung and a control subject was defined as a patient with schizophrenia residing in the same geographical area and never subjected to pasung . Multi-stage sampling was used to select case and control subjects from the registered reports of the Health Service of Bogor Regency (2012–16) in 34 sub districts and 59 health centers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with pasung. Attributable and population attributable risks (AR, PAR) for pasung were calculated. Results A total of 114 case and 136 control subjects were studied. Patient’s aggressive or violent behavior (AdjOR: 4.49, 95%CI: 2.52–8.0), unemployment (AdjOR: 2.74, 95%CI: 1.09–6.9) and informal employment (AdjOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1–5.84) in the family and negative attitude of the family towards the patient (AdjOR: 2.52, 95%CI: 1.43–4.43) were associated with pasung . Patient’s aggressive or violent behavior (PAR = 44.3%) and unemployment in the family (PAR = 49.3%) were the predominant factors of pasung. Conclusions Patient’s aggressive or violent behavior, negative attitude of the family towards the patient and unemployment in the family were associated with pasung. We recommend health education and encouraging family members to shift patients with schizophrenia exhibiting aggressive or violent behavior to a mental health facility. Strengthening of basic mental health services and involving family members while treating patients with schizophrenia to develop positive attitudes could be considered. Creating employment opportunities and a social support system for treated patients with schizophrenia and family members could further avert pasung.
Kejadian ISPA pada anak berumur 12 – 59 bulan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Tebet, Jakarta selatan mencapai angka 42,95% dan Puskesmas Kelurahan Tebet Barat merupakan Kelurahan yang memiliki prevalensi penderita ISPA yang berumur 12 – 59 bulan terbanyak dengan proporsi tertinggi dari lima puskesmas kelurahan yang lain yaitu sebesar 23,20%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kejadian ISPA anak berumur 12-59 bulan di Puskesmas Kelurahan Tebet Barat. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan 104 sampel. Sampel yang dimaksud disini adalah anak berusia 12-59 bulan yang pernah melakukan kunjungan di Puskesmas Kelurahan Tebet Barat pada tahun 2013. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer dari hasil wawancara kuesioner. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dari 11 variabel yang dilakukan uji bivariat, variabel yang diketahui memiliki hubungan yang bermakna (P value < 0,05) dengan kejadian ISPA pada anak berusia 12 – 59 bulan adalah pendidikan (OR=3,16 : 95% CI 1,20–8,31), pengetahuan (OR=2,76 : 95% CI 1,12-6,79), pendapatan keluarga (OR=2,75 : 95% CI 1,10-6,86), kepadatan hunian (OR=5,59 : 95% CI 2,16-14,50), perilaku merokok keluarga dalam rumah (OR= 8,02 : 95% CI (2,42-26.57) dan perilaku merokok keluarga di luar rumah (OR=5,12 : 95% CI 1,24-21,19). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa yang mempengaruhi kejadian ISPA pada balita di wilayah Puskesmas Tebet Barat adalah pendidikan dan pengetahuan pengawas anak, pendapatan keluarga, kepadatan hunian, dan perilaku merokok anggota keluarga.Kata kunci: ISPA, Anak berumur 12-59 bulan, Puskesmas Tebet Barat
Kehamilan tidak diinginkan merupakan masalah global, dan menyumbang 700.000 kematian ibu setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan di Indonesia. Desain studi adalah potong lintang, dengan responden sebanyak 13.955 perempuan berusia 15-49 tahun, yang melahirkan anak terakhir dalam 5 tahun sebelum survei. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder, dari Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012. Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah uji kai kuadrat (bivariat) dan regresi logistik ganda (multivariat). Hasil studi menunjukkan prevalensi ibu yang mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan di Indonesia sebanyak 8%, dengan prevalensi tertinggi terdapat di provinsi Sulawesi Tengah (11,9%) dan terendah di Papua (2.9%). Pada analisis bivariat didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan, wilayah tempat tinggal, status pernikahan, paritas, jarak kelahiran, usia dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan dengan nilai p< 0,25. Pada analisis multivariat, variabel status pernikahan berhubungan signifikan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan setelah dikontrol dengan variabel tingkat ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan, wilayah tempat tinggal, paritas, jarak kelahiran dan usia. Disimpulkan faktor status pernikahan merupakan faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan. Penemuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan partisipasi masyarakat tentang program Keluarga Berencana.
Labor complications often lead to maternal death. A good antenatal care can reduce maternal and infant mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between antenatal care and labor complication among Indonesian’s mothers. Data of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2012 from 33 Provinces were used in this study. Samples consisted of 11.803 women aged 15-49 years who delivered baby at sometimes during the last 5 years before survey. A cross-sectional design was used. Variables in the study consisted of dependent variable (labor complication), main independent variable (antenatal care) and potential confounder variables including maternal age in the last labor, mother’s education, number of parity, preceding birth interval, birth attendance, place of delivery, a history of pregnancy complications, history of previous labor complication and multiple pregnancies. A logistic regression was used for analyzing data. Results of this study showed that the prevalence of labor complications was 49.2% and the prevalence of poor antenatal cares (do not use a standard criteria recommended by Indonesian Health Ministry) was 91.2%. After controlling for all potential confounder variables, this study showed that, mothers with a poor antenatal care had a 1.3 times higher risk of labor complications than mothers with a good antenatal care (POR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1 - 1.4).
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