Kehamilan tidak diinginkan merupakan masalah global, dan menyumbang 700.000 kematian ibu setiap tahunnya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan di  Indonesia. Desain studi adalah potong lintang, dengan responden sebanyak 13.955 perempuan berusia 15-49 tahun, yang melahirkan anak terakhir dalam 5 tahun sebelum survei. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder, dari Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012.  Uji analisis yang digunakan adalah uji kai kuadrat (bivariat) dan regresi logistik ganda (multivariat).  Hasil studi menunjukkan prevalensi ibu yang mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan di Indonesia sebanyak 8%, dengan prevalensi tertinggi terdapat di provinsi Sulawesi Tengah (11,9%) dan terendah di  Papua (2.9%).  Pada analisis bivariat didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan, wilayah tempat tinggal, status pernikahan, paritas, jarak kelahiran, usia dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan dengan nilai p< 0,25.  Pada analisis multivariat, variabel status pernikahan berhubungan signifikan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan setelah dikontrol dengan variabel tingkat ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan, wilayah tempat tinggal, paritas, jarak kelahiran dan usia.  Disimpulkan faktor status pernikahan merupakan faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan tidak diinginkan. Penemuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan partisipasi masyarakat tentang program Keluarga Berencana.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions in educational institutions across the country, prompting medical schools to adopt online learning systems. This study aims to determine impact on medical education and the medical student’s attitude, practice, mental health after 1 year of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia.MethodsThis study utilized a cross-sectional design. An online questionnaire was distributed digitally to 49 medical schools in Indonesia from February–May 2021. A total of 7,949 medical students participated in this study. Sampling was carried out based on a purposive technique whose inclusion criteria were active college students. This research used questionnaires distributed in online version among 49 medical faculties that belong to The Association of Indonesian Private Medical Faculty. Instruments included demographic database, medical education status, experience with medical tele-education, ownership types of electronic devices, availability of technologies, programs of education methods, career plans, attitudes toward pandemic, and the mental health of respondents. Univariate and bivariate statistical analysis was conducted to determine the association of variables. All statistical analyses using (IBM) SPSS version 22.0.ResultsMost of the respondents were female (69.4%), the mean age was 20.9 ± 2.1 years. More than half of the respondents (58.7%) reported that they have adequate skills in using digital devices. Most of them (74%) agreed that e-learning can be implemented in Indonesia. The infrastructure aspects that require attention are Internet access and the type of supporting devices. The pandemic also has an impact on the sustainability of the education program. It was found that 28.1% were experiencing financial problems, 2.1% postponed their education due to this problems. The delay of the education process was 32.6% and 47.5% delays in the clinical education phase. Around 4% student being sick, self-isolation and taking care sick family. the pandemic was found to affect students’ interests and future career plans (34%). The majority of students (52.2%) are concerned that the pandemic will limit their opportunities to become specialists. Nearly 40% of respondents expressed anxiety symptoms about a variety of issues for several days. About a third of respondents feel sad, depressed, and hopeless for a few days.ConclusionThe infrastructure and competency of its users are required for E-learning to be successful. The majority of medical students believe that e-learning can be adopted in Indonesia and that their capacity to use electronic devices is good. However, access to the internet remains a problem. On the other side, the pandemic has disrupted the education process and mental health, with fears of being infected with SARS-CoV-2, the loss of opportunities to apply for specialty training, and the potential for increased financial difficulties among medical students. Our findings can be used to assess the current educational process in medical schools and maximize e-learning as an alternative means of preparing doctors for the future.

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LATAR BELAKANGBayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan salah satu penyebab tingginya angka kematian perinatal dan neonatal. Prevalensi BBLR di seluruh dunia mencapai 15% dari seluruh kelahiran, dan > 97% di antaranya terjadi di negara berkembang. Perilaku negatif selama kehamilan seperti paparan asap rokok dapat menurunkan perfusi plasenta sehingga menurunkan penerimaan O2 bagi janin, yang akan meningkatkan risiko kelahiran BBLR. Paparan asap pembakaran tembakau juga menurunkan 20% kadar asam folat di dalam tubuh yang menyebabkan terganggunya pertumbuhan janin di dalam rahim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara paparan asap rokok pada ibu hamil yang bersuamikan perokok aktif dan kejadian BBLR. METODEPenelitian dengan disain observasional analitik dan pendekatan potong-lintang untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ibu hamil bersuamikan perokok aktif (variabel bebas) dan kejadian BBLR (variabel tergantung). Populasi terjangkau adalah ibu hamil yang melahirkan di RSUD Karawang pada bulan Januari sampai Agustus 2017, dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sederhana. Data penelitian ini merupakan data primer dan sekunder, yaitu berupa data kuesioner yang didapat dari ibu hamil bersuamikan perokok aktif dan rekam medik untuk data bayi BBLR. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), dan uji chi square dengan derajat kepercayaan (CI) 95% dan batas kemaknaan 0,05. HASILSubyek penelitian berjumlah 132 orang, dan terdapat 96 bayi (73%) dengan kasus BBLR. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara ibu hamil bersuamikan perokok aktif dan kejadian BBLR (p = 0.000 (p ≤ 0,05)). KESIMPULANTerdapat hubungan antara ibu hamil bersuamikan perokok aktif dan kejadian BBLR.

Background: Cervical samples of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections show positive results in HPV DNA testing. HPV infection can alter cervical squamous epithelial cells (CSECs) to be abnormal. Epigenetically, CSECs that change to be abnormal are affected by Fas-promoter-670 gene polymorphism. High-risk HPV (hr-HPV) patients can be infected by other microbes, for example, Candida species (Candida sp.). The present study's purpose was to show CSEC biometrics based on epigenetics of the Fas-promoter-670 gene polymorphism in Indonesian women with hr-HPV and Candida sp. infection. Biometric quantification was performed based on the following analysis of CSECs.Case report: Indonesian hr-HPV women at the age of 28 years, with Candida sp. infection, underwent a Pap smear examination on April 21st, 2016, using the ThinPrep method, and a blood test was also performed using the cubital vein. Blood and ThinPrep samples were examined for the Fas-promoter-670 gene polymorphism. Epigenetically, the subjects had the GA genotype of the Fas-promoter-670 gene in the blood and ThinPrep samples. Patients with Candida sp. infection in the early stages were characterized by the appearance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), whereas those in advanced stages presented without PMN on the hyphae. CSEC biometric measurements were performed quantitatively using mononuclear CSECs (mn-CSECs) and binucleated CSECs (bn-CSECs).Conclusion: Biometric measurements of the CSECs were performed quantitatively and assessed the length, width, area and perimeter of the cell and its nuclei. Cell length, cell width, nucleus area, nucleus perimeter and nucleus length index were significantly different between the mn-CSECs, the 1st nucleus of bn-CSECs and 2nd nucleus of bn-CSECs (P<0.05).