Background: Conventional drugs like metronidazole for periodontitis has shown several drawbacks. So based on in-vitro and acute toxicity study of metronidazole loaded n-trimethyl quaternary ammonium chitosan nanoparticles (NTMET NPs), animal studies was carried out to proof enhancement of activities over periodontitis. Objectives: To assess the effect of nanoparticles through an intra-pocket drug delivery on body weight, food consumption, clinical signs, gingival index, tooth mobility, inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues, and serum analysis that leads into gingival damage, connective tissues and alveolar bone resorption. Method: P. gingivalis and ligature induced periodontitis model was used to evaluate the effect of drug in rats. Results: periodontitis was successfully induced by using P. gingivalis and ligature induced periodontitis model in rats. It reflect elevated gingival index, tooth mobility, inflammatory changes in tissues, IL-6, TNF- ɑ, and IL -1β when compared to control group and NTMET NPs treated groups. It was also observed that the damage caused to gingival tissues and resorption of alveolar bone was improved by using NTMET NPs. Conclusion: Based on present findings, we can conclude that NTMET NPs at a dose of 1.8 & 3.6 mg/ml has significant action on periodontal tissues and was able to reverse the effect of P. gingivalis as well as gingival damage and tooth mobility in rats at an administered dose, which are comparable to the IC50 value of a drug. The findings of the current study provide scientific preclinical data to support its clinical use for periodontitis via intra pocket drug delivery route.

Background: Recent findings suggest that chitosan had antibacterial activity acting through various mechanisms, but when the amine group in chitosan was converted to quaternary ammonium compound, the antibacterial activity of chitosan was elevated due to the increase in the solubility of it in acidic environment. Objectives:: The purpose of this study was to formulate and standardize metronidazole loaded N-trimethyl quaternary ammonium chitosan nanoparticles for the treatment of periodontitis. Method: N-trimethyl quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative was synthesized and nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by ionic gelation methodology followed by 32 full factorial designs. Particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), surface morphology, thermal properties, in vitro drug released as well as antimicrobial activity, stability study, ex-vivo and acute toxicity of NPs were evaluated. Results: he optimized batches of NPs were in the size range of 150 to 237 nm with a mean size of 117.01 ± 0.03 nm. Entrapment efficiency (EE) of 81.45 ± 0.03 % was obtained with a zeta potential (mV) of 28.19 ± 0.03 mV. Almost 98.97 ± 7.17% of the drug was released within 24 hours in vitro to obtain a sustained release drug, the optimized batches exhibited a smooth surface with appreciable in vitro, ex-vivo antibacterial, acute toxicity results and it was found that the formulation could be stored even after 6 months. Conclusion: present study revealed that metronidazole loaded N-trimethyl quaternary ammonium chitosan nanoparticles exhibits enhanced antibacterial activity against periodontal infections.