One of the micro and small enterprises' (MSEs) main problem is business capital. Cash flow shortage often interrupts business development. This difficulty is due to the limited ability in meeting the requirements to access sources of capital. The development of micro and small enterprises using the culture of the local community is a way to overcome this issue. Asians generally have the perception of Gotong Royong (which means 'mutual aid' in English) as a form of collectivism. This study comes from the gap whether Gotong Royong serves as social capital to overcome the difficulties of micro and small enterprises’ capital. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the perception of owners of MSEs toward the application of Gotong Royong culture, which suggests how to overcome the business capital difficulties in reality. The qualitative method was applied to investigate the informants with triangulation process to validate the result accuracy. The results of this study show that MSEs owners build their businesses with the family culture, which upholds a Gotong Royong character. Small: based on the field data processing, the second result reveals that the social capital of the community in the form of Gotong Royong culture could overcome capital constraints in micro and small enterprises. Similarly, the Gotong Royong culture applied in business could reduce the capital requirement that should be prepared by micro and small entrepreneurs. The contribution of this research is for business owners so that they do not lose the character of mutual cooperation and to provide input for the government to support family businesses that still rely on these characters by giving light funding assistance. However, this research must be developed further in a broader business scale with different informant profiles so that the results will be more comprehensive.

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Tourism is a business sector that has become a victim of the COVID-19 pandemic. Religious tourism as one part of the growing tourism business, must also experience a downturn. Nevertheless, the unique characteristics of religious tourism make this tourist destination still visited by many tourists during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the philosophical value of religious tourism destinations that can be used as a marketing point to build relationships with tourists so as to create loyalty. This study uses a qualitative method, by taking the object of Pesarean Gunung Kawi, Malang Regency. The data processed were the results of in-depth interviews with informants, they were chosen because they still came to the tourist destinations studied during the covid-19 pandemic. This study took 6 (six) informants using purposive sampling method. Data analysis using NVIVO 12 Plus software. The results of data analysis show that the philosophy of ngalap berkah (looking for blessings/answers to the problems at hand), with the means of being assisted in praying/praying together, is something that encourages tourists to remain loyal and come to tourist destinations during the pandemic. Ngalap berkah is built through commitment, communication, mutual cooperation and facilities to build relationships with tourists. The results of this study can be used as a reference in developing other religious tourism destinations. Exploring philosophical values to be used as marketing points can create a personal relationship between tourists and tourist destinations.

As the population in Indonesia grow, the use of energy in eco-friendly residences increases. Concerning this issue, the Green Building Council Indonesia provides standard criteria for greenhouses. Nevertheless, eco-friendly homes’ users are still not familiar with the application of these criteria. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the users’ perception of eco-friendly homes’ energy efficiency. The study was conducted in Surabaya and Malang, using a cross-sectional survey method by distributing questionnaires; 200 respondents participated in the study. After the descriptive analysis, it was revealed that most of the respondents had the same perception regarding the importance of energy efficiency in their homes. According to the results, the criteria of water conservation, under the sub-criteria of using fittings for water-saving, shows the highest mean value; so, it can be concluded that the respondents prioritize the household water use efficiency more than other types of energy.

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