Objective: To analyse the epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, radiological aspects, treatments, and outcomes of primary central nervous system (CNS) hydatidosis and compare our results with those observed for secondary intracranial hydatidosis. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 21 cases of primary CNS hydatid cysts operated on at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 1996 and 2010. Results: Of the 21 primary cases, the vast majority were intracranial hydatidosis patients (20 cases, 95.24%). Only one patient had spinal hydatidosis. Unlike previously published reports, we found that intracranial hydatid cysts were more common in adults (80.96%) than in children (19.04%), with a slight male predominance (M/F 5 1.1). All symptoms, including vomiting, nausea, and focal neurological signs, resulted from the increased intracranial pressure, which was closely associated with the cyst location. For the spinal hydatidosis patient, the primary symptom of back pain was indicative of spinal cord compression syndrome. All cysts in the 21 primary cases were pathologically similar. The recurrence percentage was 28% over 12 years. Two patients with multiple intracranial hydatid cysts died due to foramen magnum herniation. Conclusion: Despite imaging and therapeutic advances, CNS hydatidosis remains difficult to treat, and severe complications and the high incidence of recurrence result in unsatisfactory outcomes.

Objective. Many patients with type 2 diabetes have an abnormal body mass index (BMI) and hypertension together, but few studies on the interaction of the two on the risk of T2DM are reported. We aim to explore the effect of the interaction between abnormal BMI and hypertension on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Uyghur residents. Methods and Results. Based on the physical examination data of 27,4819 Uygur residents in Moyu County, a logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between BMI abnormality, hypertension, and T2DM disease, and then, the effect of their interaction on the risk of T2DM was evaluated by an additive model and a multiplicative model. The results showed that the detectable rate of T2DM was 5.58%, the proportion of abnormal BMI was 59.49%, and the proportion of hypertension was 25.14%. The risk of T2DM in people with an abnormal BMI and hypertension was higher than that in people with a normal weight and without hypertension, and the difference was statistically significant P < 0.05 . The additive model showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, family history of diabetes, abdominal obesity, and alcohol consumption, abnormal BMI and hypertension had a synergistic effect on the risk of T2DM and the evaluation indicators RERI, AP, and S were 0.90 (0.32∼1.49), 0.20 (0.11∼0.30), and 1.36 (1.17∼1.57), respectively. But there was no multiplicative interaction between the two (OR = 0.97, (95% CI: 0.89∼1.06). 3). Conclusion. The interaction between abnormal BMI and hypertension can increase the risk of T2DM, and improving BMI and controlling blood pressure within the normal range can effectively reduce the risk of T2DM.

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To date, mechanized picking of famous tea (bud, one bud one leaf) causes a lot of damage. Manual picking results in high-quality tea but the process is inefficient. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of mechanically harvested tea buds, the study of bionic picking is beneficial to reduce the damage rate of mechanical picking. In this paper, the manual flexible picking process is studied, and a bionic bladeless mechanical picking mechanics model is developed. The relationship between the mechanical properties and structural deformation of tea stalks is obtained by microstructural observation and mechanical experimental analysis and determination of the bud bionic picking mechanics flow by combined loading tests is carried out. The results show that the key factor for low damage in tea picking is the precise flexible force applied to different parts of the shoot tip during pinching, upward, and picking. The biological force of tea stalks is closely related to the stalk diameter and maturity of stalk tissue development. The larger the xylem of the tea stalk, the stronger its resistance to bending, stretching, and deformation. The stalks at the tender end of the tea are more resilient than the lower stalks and will not break under the action of large angle bending. Additionally, the stalks at the shoot tip have significantly lower pull-off force than the stalks at other places. By simulating the manual picking process, the mechanical picking mechanical parameters were determined to be a clamping pressure of 340 kPa, bending force of 0.134 N, and pull-off force of 5.1 N. These findings help the design of low-damage pickers for famous tea and provide a reference for low-damage bionic picking of tea.

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