Working from home for a long time during the Covid-19 pandemic led to many complaints of musculoskeletal disorders, such as lower back pain. This is caused by stress or spasm in the back muscles which makes the stability of the abdominal and lower back muscles decrease. Treatments include the muscle energy technique (MET) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). MET can reduce pain through the provision of post-isometric relaxation stimulation, stimulating the proprioception and neurophysiology, and causing a hypoalgesic effect in the lower back area, while TENS blocks pain-conducting nerves. Studies have not yet determined conclusively which treatment is most effective. In this literature review, relevant articles published from 2015-2020 were found by searching in Google Scholar and PubMed. The keywords used included low back pain, muscle energy technique and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The population, intervention, comparison group, outcome and study design were considered in the selection of the articles. There were 6 journal articles that met the research criteria, namely 3 that examined the MET intervention and 3 for the TENS intervention. The results showed that MET with a dose of 3-5x/session can reduce pain after the second day, while TENS, when placed locally, can take roughly a month to reduce lower back pain. The findings showed that MET is more effective in reducing lower back pain than TENS. Keywords: low back pain, muscle energy technique, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Lifting and transporting activities are the most common tasks in the logistics sector, especially for loading-unloading workers. The workers continuously lift heavy loads, which leads to pain in the waist, back, arms, and legs. Neuropathic pain is a type of pain caused by peripheral nerve lesions. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between the different levels of work experience and the risk of neuropathic pain among loading-unloading workers. We used descriptive analytics as the method of the study. 65 healthy men aged 20-55 years, without health issues or diabetes mellitus, and active loading-unloading workers were recruited as study respondents. They were divided into three groups based on their different levels of work experience. We utilized the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) questionnaire to check whether the participant was at risk for neuropathic pain. Our results showed that 43% of participants identified as having less, 28% as middle, and 29% as having more work experience. Furthermore, work experience is significantly correlated to the risk of neuropathic pain (P<0.000). We concluded that the more experienced loading workers are, the more likely they are to experience neuropathic pain. Keywords: work experience, peripheral-neuropathy, pain, loading workers

Background: Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is an occupational disease caused by exposure to vibration from work tools. Complaints often arise from sensorineural disorders that cause the arms and hands to tingle, numb, and experience decreased sensitivity. Neurodynamic mobilization is a manual therapy technique that utilizes tension and sliding movements that can reduce symptoms of sensorineural disorders. This study aims to determine the effect of neurodynamic mobilization on reducing sensorineural symptoms in patients with HAVS in welding workshop workers in Malang city. Methods: The design of this study used a pre-experimental approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design approach. There were 15 samples of welding workshop workers with symptoms of sensorineural disorders. The sample was given intervention for one month at a dose of 3x/week with one exercise consisting of 20x/set (10 slidings and ten tension) with three repetitions and a rest interval of 15 seconds/set. The assessment and evaluation instrument uses the Stockholm workshop scale. Data analysis was using the Wilcoxon test. Result: A significant decrease (p<0.000) in sensorineural symptoms among welding workshop workers in Malang city after a neurodynamic mobilization intervention was given. Conclusion: It can be concluded that providing neurodynamic mobilization decreases sensorineural symptoms of HAVS sufferers in welding workshop workers in Malang city.

Indonesia is one of the largest cigarette producers and consumers in the world. Due to the repetitive activity and long hours experienced by cigarette manufacturer workers who roll the cigarettes, the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is high. They tend to experience pain, numbness and tingling through the hands and fingers. These symptoms occur following compression of the median nerve, which affects their functional ability. Neurodynamic mobilization (NDM) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) have been used as physical therapy in management of CTS. However, no studies have yet investigated the effect of the combination of both treatments and compared them. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test post-test design, which compared the effect of a combination of NDM and TENS versus NDM only with cigarette company workers. The workers with the risk of CTS were divided into two groups: the combination NDM with TENS group and the NDM group. The interventions were applied 3 times a week for 1 month in both groups. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure the pain. The VAS scores were evaluated on the first day before the interventions were given and after 1 month. The Wilcoxon test was used to assess pre and post treatment. The Mann Whitney test was used to compare the effects of both interventions. According to the findings, both groups had a significant change in VAS measurement outcomes. The decrease in pain was larger in the NDM and TENS group than in the NDM group (p = 0.008). Carrying out a combination of NDM with TENS 3 times in a week for 1 month had a substantial impact on decreasing pain in cigarette workers with CTS risk Keywords: neurodynamic mobilization, TENS, carpal tunnel syndrome, pain, cigarette workers

Injuries and health problems related to musculoskeletal disorders are common among construction workers. Physically active people have good postural stability which is correlated with less injuries. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of physical activity against work experience in construction workers. 36 healthy men aged 20-60 years were divided into two groups based on their work experience: less experience (LE, n = 12), and more experience (ME, n = 24). Physical activity at work, through sports, and associated with leisure were assessed using the Baecke questionnaire. The results found that there was no significant difference between the LE and ME groups in the level of physical activity (p = 0.146 for work, p = 0.515 for sport, and p = 0.821 for leisure). Nevertheless, both the LE and ME groups had a higher level of physical activity at work than at sport and leisure (p < 0.0001). This preliminary study indicated that construction workers have a high workload which impedes them from other activities during leisure time. Further studies are needed to investigate the correlation between the physical activity level and postural stability among construction workers. Keywords: physical activity, construction workers, work experience