Silver nanowires are a promising nanomaterial for the fabrication of transparent flexible conductive films. Due to their fascinating properties, numerous studies have been done to determine the relationship among nanowire properties, micro-network structure, and opto-electronic properties, such as transparency and conductivity. 1,2 However, most previous studies have used methods that are not suitable for mass production, such as vacuum filtration. To produce the film economically, it is advisable to use a solution process, e.g., a liquid coating method. In this study, we use a simple dip coating method to produce the film using a coating solution, which disperses nanowires in isopropyl alcohol. The amount of nanowires on the film is carefully controlled by the wet film thickness predicted from computational analysis. The important parameters of nanowire networks, such as the diameter, the aspect ratio, and the areal coverage of nanowires are measured directly from image analysis of the electron microscopy images. Finally, the relationship among those parameters and opto-electronic properties is examined in detail.
Silver (Ag) nanowires (NWs) are promising building blocks for the fabrication of stretchable electrodes, but they may undergo mechanical fracture at low tensile strains, which leads to degradation in electrical performance of Ag NW-based stretchable electrodes. Here we report on a simple route to create the percolation networks of Ag NW rings via a conventional spray coating process. We discovered that Ag NWs can be bent into curved shapes within micrometer-sized liquid droplets generated during the spraying process due to elasto-capillary interaction. This curving phenomenon allowed the deposition of Ag NW rings directly on a desired substrate without the need for any complicated process. The network of Ag NW rings effectively releases the applied tensile strains thanks to curved shapes of the constituent NWs, enabling the achievement of excellent electromechanical stability as well as high stretchability. Our approach not only provides a simple, low cost, and scalable route to the fabrication of high-performance Ag NW-based stretchable electrodes, but also opens a new and useful way of engineering the structure of NWs for various applications.
Currently, due to the lack of precise control of flow behavior and the understanding of how it influences thin-film crystallization, strict tuning of thin-film properties during solution-based coating is difficult. In this work, a continuous-flow microfluidic-channel-based meniscus-guided coating (CoMiC) is introduced, which is a system that enables manipulation of flow patterns and analysis connecting flow pattern, crystallization, and thin-film properties. Continuous supply of a solution of an organic semiconductor with various flow patterns is generated using microfluidic channels. 3D numerical simulations and in situ microscopy allow the tracking of the flow pattern along its entire path (from within the microfluidic channel to near the liquid-solid boundary), and enable direct observation of thin-film crystallization process. In particular, the generation of chaotic flow results in unprecedented deviceto-device uniformity, with coefficient of variation (CV) of 7.3% and average mobility of 2.04 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in doped TIPS-pentacene. Furthermore, CV and average mobility of 9.6% and 11.4 cm 2 V −1 s −1 are achieved, respectively, in a small molecule:polymer blend system. CoMiC can serve as a guideline for elucidating the relation between flow behavior, liquid-to-solid phase transition, and device performance, which has thus far been unknown. Solution-based coating has many positive attributes such as high-throughput manufacturability, processability at ambient temperature and pressure, and large-area scalability. [1,2] In
Silver (Ag) nanowires (NWs) are promising building blocks for fabrication of flexible transparent electrodes, but their poor adhesion to polymeric substrates causes delamination of NWs from a substrate during repeated deformation, which leads to degradation in electrical performance. A new and simple approach is developed to dramatically improve mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability of a Ag NW electrode by hybridizing a NW network film with an organic molecular nanoadhesive layer without sacrificing its inherent excellent optoelectrical properties. It is discovered that some of pyridine derivatives such as 4‐dimethylaminopyridine can be solution‐processed and annealed to form a transparent layer with high adhesion to polymeric substrates such as poly(ethylene terephthalate). In addition to high optical transparency and electrical conductivity, the NW‐nanoadhesive hybrid film exhibits low surface roughness, reduced optical haze, and excellent adhesion to the substrate without delamination against 100 cycles of tape detachment and 10 000 cycles of bending tests at 1 mm of bending radius. Furthermore, the hybrid film exhibits good air‐oxidation and thermal stability over 24 h at 100 °C. The hybrid electrodes show good performance in applications for flexible touch panel and thin film heater.
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