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The effects of Goami No. 2 rice, a natural fiber-rich rice, on body weight and lipid metabolism. Obesity. 2006;14:423-430. Objective: Increased intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. We assessed the effects of a fiber-rich diet on body weight, adipokine concentrations, and the metabolism of glucose and lipids in non-obese and obese subjects in Korea, where rice is the main source of dietary carbohydrates. Research Methods and Procedures: Eleven healthy, nonobese and 10 obese subjects completed two 4-week phases of individual isoenergetic food intake. During the control diet phase, subjects consumed standard rice; during the modified diet phase, subjects consumed equal proportions of fiber-rich Goami No. 2 rice and standard rice. We used a randomized, controlled, crossover study design with a washout period of 6 weeks between the two phases. Results: After the modified diet phase, body weight was significantly lower in both the non-obese and obese subjects (non-obese, 57.0 Ϯ 2.9 vs. 56.1 Ϯ 2.8 kg, p ϭ 0.001; obese, 67.7 Ϯ 2.1 vs. 65.7 Ϯ 2.0 kg, p Ͻ 0.001 for before vs. after). The BMI was significantly lower in obese subjects (26.9 Ϯ 0.5 vs. 26.0 Ϯ 0.6 kg/m 2 , p Ͻ 0.001). The modified diet was associated with lower serum triacylglycerol (p Ͻ 0.01), total cholesterol (p Ͻ 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p Ͻ 0.05), and C-peptide (p Ͻ 0.05) concentrations in the obese subjects. Discussion: These results indicate that fiber-rich Goami No. 2 rice has beneficial effects and may be therapeutically useful for obese subjects.

Background: Korean type 2 diabetic patients are known to differ from western diabetes because of their unique characteristics, such as non-obese but centrally obese anthropometry and relatively more insulin secretory defects than insulin resistance compared to western diabetic patients. Methods:We recruited 1,646 diabetic patients in the present study and excluded the 45 patients with fasting C-peptide < 0.20 nmol/L. We had assessed insulin secretion by fasting serum C-peptide level and insulin resistance by short insulin tolerance test (Kitt ; rate constant for plasma glucose disappearance, %/min) in the private diabetes clinic. The insulin secretory defect was divided by severe (C-peptide < 0.37 nmol/L), moderate (C-peptide 0.37~0.56 nmol/L), and normal (C-peptide ≥ 0.57 nmol/L) group. The insulin resistance was divided by insulin resistant (IR) (Kitt < 2.5 %/min) and insulin sensitive (IS) (Kitt ≥ 2.5 %/min) group. Results:We analysed the data of 1,601 type 2 diabetic patients (831 men and 770 women, age 56.5 ± 10.8 years, duration of diabetes 9.6 ± 7.3 years). The prevalence of BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m 2 is 42.5% and BMI ≥ 23.0 kg/m 2 is 70.2%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity (waist ≥ 90 cm in men and 80 cm in women) is 45.2% (36.0% and 55.2%, respectively in men and women). Fasting C-peptide level is 0.64 ± 0.29 nmol/L and Kitt value is 2.03 ± 0.96%/min. According to fasting C-peptide level, the degree of insulin secretory defect were severe (13.1%), moderate (33.0%) and normal (53.9%). According to Kitt value, the IR group is 70.6% and the IS group is 29.4%. Conclusion:Obese type 2 diabetes is markedly increasing in Korea. Therefore, the major problem in Korean type 2 diabetic patients is being changed into insulin resistance instead of insulin secretory defect. (J Kor Diabetes Assoc 31:123~129, 2007)

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