Abbreviations: AP-1, activating factor-1; BCIP, bromochloroindolyl phosphate; 15d-PGJ2, 15-Deoxy-12,14 -Prostaglandin J2; HODE, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; LXR, liver X receptor; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; NBT, nitro blue tetrazolium; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; ox-LDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; PGF2α , prostaglandin F2α ; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated factor receptor-γ; RXR, retinoid X receptor; STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription; TZD, thiazolidinedione

Elevated concentrations of cTnT and cTnI, but not BNP or CK-MB, were independently associated with the degree of severity of CAC in asymptomatic haemodialysis patients.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of vernalization, temperature, and soil water deficit (SD) on mesophyll cells, growth, and yield of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L). The palisade parenchyma and spongy tissues of Chinese cabbage were observed under full irrigation and two weeks of SD treatment. These cells were severely collapsed by four weeks SD treatment. The SD treatment had the greatest influence on the growth of Chinese cabbage among the tested treatment factors (vernalization, temperature, and SD), growth significantly decreased by severe drought treatment (four weeks SD treatment). In addition, the relative growth rate, unit leaf rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, and leaf weight ratio were significantly affected by SD treatment; however, other individual factors and their combined treatments did not influence the analyzed growth parameters. The yield under vernalization after high temperature and full irrigation treatments was 3,056 kg/10 a, which was the greatest among all the tested treatments, while four-week SD treatment significantly reduced the yield. Head formation of Chinese cabbage was not altered under SD treatment, and vernalization treatments did not induce bolting. Our results indicated that collapsing mesophyll cells and reduced growth and yield were induced by SD treatment. Thus we suggest that optimal irrigation system should be install to avoid or overcome crippling drought conditions in the open field.

Efficient regeneration methods and transformation system are a priority for successful application of genetic engineering to vegetative propagated plants such as grape (Vitis labrusca L.). This research is to establish shoot regeneration system from plant explants for 'Campbell Early', 'Tamnara', 'Heukgoosul', 'Heukbosek' using two types of plant growth regulators supplemented to medium. The highest adventitious shoot regeneration rate of 5% was achieved on a medium containing of Murashige and Skoog (MS) inorganic salts and Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) vitamins, 2 mg/L of TDZ and 0.1 mg/L of IBA. Leaf tissue of 'Campbell Early', was co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strains, LBA4404 containing the vector pBI121 carrying with CaMV 35S promoter, gus gene as reporter gene and resistance to kanamycin as selective agent, the other Agrobacterium strains, GV3101 containing the vector pB7 WG2D carrying with mPAP1-D gene. mPAP1-D is a regulatory genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway.'Campbell Early' harboring mPAP1-D gene was readily able to be selected by red color due to anthocyanin accumulation in the transformed shoot. These results might be helpful for further studies to enhance the transformation efficiency in grape.

Red-ripe 'Betatiny' jujube-shaped cherry tomato fruits via stem maintenance or stem removal were stored at 20℃ for 12 days. Their quality and microbial safety parameters like their respiration rate, weight loss, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), firmness, hue value, aerobic microflora, coliform, yeast and mold count, and decay were evaluated during their storage. The jujube-shaped cherry tomato fruits whose stems were removed lost less weight than the fruits whose stems were maintained during their 12 days of storage. The stem removal lowered the respiration more significantly than the stem maintenance, and the formation of novel tissues at the stem scar that resulted from the stem removal was observed morphologically. The SSC, TA and hue value of the skin color decreased after eight storage days, but showed no difference between the stem maintenance and removal. The stem had higher microbial counts like aerobic microflora, coliform, and yeast and mold counts. The stem maintenance showed a short shelf-life because molds grew on the attached stem after five storage days. The shelf-life of the jujube-shaped cherry tomato fruits whose stems were removed was about eight days, but that of the fruits whose stems were maintained and that were stored at 20℃ was only about six days.