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Determination of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) in olive oils by derivative potentiometric stripping analysis / LO COCO F; CECCON L; CIRAOLO L; NOVELLI V. -In: FOOD CONTROL. -ISSN 0956-7135. -14(2003), pp. 55-59. OriginalDetermination of cadmium (II) and zinc (II) AbstractA method for the determination of cadmium(II) and zinc(II) in olive oils by derivative potentiometric stripping analysis after dry ashing of the sample is described. The metal ions were concentrated as their amalgams on the glassy carbon working electrode that was previously coated with a thin mercury film and then stripped by a suitable oxidant. Potential and time data were digitally converted into dt dE À1 , and E was plotted vs. dt dE À1 , thus increasing sensitivity of the method and improving resolution of the analysis. Quantitative analysis was carried out by the method of standard additions; a good linearity was obtained in the range of concentrations examined. Recoveries of 92-102% for cadmium(II) and of 89-99% for zinc(II) were obtained from an olive oil spiked at different levels. The detection limits were 5.1 ng g À1 for cadmium(II) and 7.6 ng g À1 for zinc(II) and the relative standard deviations (mean of nine determinations) were 4.1% and 5.2%, respectively. Results obtained on commercial olive oils were not significantly different from those obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).

Current industrial production is driven by increasing globalization, which has led to a steady increase in production volumes and complexity of products aimed at the pursuit of meeting the needs of customers. In this context, one of the main tools in the management of customer value is Lean Manufacturing or Production, though it is considered primarily as a set of tools to reduce the total cost of the resources needed to achieve such needs. This philosophy has recently been enriched in the literature with case studies that link Lean Management (LM) with the improvement of environmental sustainability. The consequence is an expansion of the Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM); indeed, CIM, currently, combining and integrating the key business functions (e.g., business, engineering, manufacturing, and information management) with a view of the life cycle, does not highlight the strategic role of the environmental aspects. In order to deal with the increasingly rapid environmental degradation that is reflected in society, in terms of both economy and quality of life, Industrial Ecology (IE) introduced a new paradigm of principles and instruments of analysis and decision support (e.g., Life Cycle Assessment-LCA, Social Life Cycle Assessment -SLCA, Material Flow Account-MFA, etc.) that can be considered as the main basis for integrating the environmental aspects in each strategy, design, production, final product, and end of life management, through the re-engineering of processes and activities towards the development of an eco-industrial OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2014, 6 6363 system. This paper presents the preliminary observations based on a analysis of both theories (LM-IE) and provides a possible assessment of the key factors relevant to their integration in a "lean environmental management", highlighting both positives (lights) and possible barriers (shadows).

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Methods for accurate calculation of nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times are presented. Data from inversion recovery sequences with different delay times were fitted to derive T1 information on water solutions of paramagnetic ions. T2 values of the same samples were obtained by fitting signals from a multiecho sequence. According to the theory, for the field strength used (0.5 T), T1's and T2's are nearly equal and the enhancement of relaxation rates is found to be directly proportional to molar concentration. Tests performed suggest the opportunity of using the same approach in studies of tissues.