The article presents a study of the comparative characteristics of new promising lines of spring barley L1623 (nutans), L1505 (pallidum) and standards of varieties Suzdalets (nutans) and Leningrad (pallidum) on resistance to leaf diseases in various meteorological conditions of the growing season of 2012-2017. Assessment of leaf pathogens was carried out on a natural infectious background. Barley leaves were infested with powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis / DC), dark brown (Cochliobolus sativus Jto and Kurb) and mesh (Pyrenophora teres, Drechsl) patches. It was found that at an elevated air temperature and a large amount of precipitation (2013, 2014, 2016), the development of dark brown leaf spot reached 30-40%. In dry and warm weather (2012, 2015), the development of leaf pathogens was weak from 1 to 10%. The defeat of the net leaf spot in our experiments under any suitable conditions was 5-10% weak. The resistance to the dark brown patches of the new promising lines L1505 and L1623 is significantly higher than the standards. There were no significant differences in the degree of damage to the net spotting of these varieties.

In the north-western region, barley is the main forage crop. Annually increasing demand of agriculture in forages challenges to create highly adaptive cultivars which under the conditions of unstable moistening and low fertility of sod-podzolic soils are capable to give high yields with good quality of production, resistant to the most widespread abiotic and biotic stressors. The objective of our research was to create new genotypes of spring barley with high economic and valuable characteristics of productivity. The research task was to study new collection samples of spring barley Hordeum vulgare L. by productivity and the main elements of the crop structure and to determine the indices of ecological plasticity, prospectivity, ear grain content, resistance to lodging and to determine the share of the ear in the total length of the stem, which characterize the adaptive ability of a cultivar. The research material was 14 new cultivars of spring barley obtained from the Federal Research Center “N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources”. The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the work, the best cultivars for all studied characteristics were selected: Suzdalets (Russia), Chill (Germany), Zhana (France). These samples will be actively used in hybridization to create new genotypes of spring barley.

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Создание высокоурожайных, пластичных сортов ярового ячменя позволит повысить эффективность производства зерна в условиях низкого плодородия дерново-подзолистых почв Ленинградской области. Цель работы: 1) определить действие погодных условий на продолжительность вегетационного периода, высоту растений урожайность перспективной линии ячменя Л1505 в сравнении со стандартами сортами Суздалец и Ленинградский; 2) выявить фактор погоды, определяющий урожайность. Представлены результаты исследований с 2008 по 2017 гг. Изучалась устойчивость к погодным факторам: температуре воздуха, сумме эффективных температур, сумме осадков. Сорт Ленинградский более требователен к тепловому режиму. Урожайность и продолжительность вегетационного периода у всех сортов имели обратную корреляционную связь с температурой воздуха. Величина урожая Л1505 была выше, чем у стандартов во все годы исследований. Наибольший урожай-5,2 т/га был получен в 2015 году в условиях, близких к среднемноголетним. Наименьший-3,0 т/га получили в 2011 году при t ср о С воздуха выше нормы на 2,1 о и пониженном обеспечении влаги. Коэффициенты корреляции между урожайностью и температурой воздуха составили: r =-0,48 (Ленинградский), r =-0,37 (Суздалец), r =-0,26 (Л1505) Факторный дисперсионный анализ показал, что основным показателем, определяющим урожайность, является обеспеченность теплом. Линия ячменя Л1505 более устойчива к высокой и низкой температурам воздуха, избытку влаги и ее недостатку.

In Northwest Russia, creation and introduction of new varieties of cereals characterized by early maturity, high adaptive potential and ecological plasticity is one of the most important tasks. A new generation of barley varieties is needed that combines high yields with early maturity, high feed qualities of grain, and resistance to lodging and grain shedding. We carried out field and laboratory studies of a new variety of spring barley Fermerskiy in an experimental field of the Leningrad Research Institute of Agriculture "Belogorka". In 2021, Fermersky was transferred for state variety testing. The variety is midseason and the growing season is 72–87 days. Over three years of competitive variety testing (2018–2020), the yield increase was 1.25 t/ha relative to the Suzdalets standard (3.12 t/ha). The highest yield of 5.27 t/ha was obtained in 2019, under conditions of low moisture supply. The average index of ecological plasticity (Jsp) was 1.48 (min 1.11, max 1.94). The adaptive potential (ds/dk) was 7.91 (min 6.92, max 9.08), The Fermerskiy variety consistently formed a high yield and was characterized by ecological plasticity, early maturity, and resistance to diseases and lodging.