Typing of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B disease isolates was carried out using a panel of serotype-and subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Three hundred and sixty-two strains isolated from 1977 to 1986 were typed using five serotyping and seven subtyping reagents and outer membrane vesicles as antigens. Serotype 2b accounted for 30% of the disease isolates. The most common subtype was P1.2, which occurred on 18.5% of all strains or 48.6% of the serotype 2b strains. Of the 362 strains typed, 135 (37.3%) were serotyped and 122 (33.7%) were subtyped. Overall, 185 (51.1%) of the strains could be assigned a serotype and (or) subtype. Strains (221) isolated during the years 1987-1989 were typed using a panel of 6 serotyping and 12 subtyping reagents by whole-cell ELISA. Strains of serotypes 4 (21.7%) and 15 (20.8%) were the most common and carried a wide variety of subtypes. The most common subtypes were P1.2 (11.8%) and P1.16 (9.5%). Of the 221 strains analyzed, 132 (59.7%) were assigned a serotype and 123 (55.7%) a subtype and with all 18 MAbs, 192 (86.9%) of the strains were serotyped and (or) subtyped. Two different MAbs to the four epitopes 2a, 15, P1.2, and P1.16 gave discordant reactions of 0.3, 6.6, 2.6, and 2.2%, respectively, when used to analyze over 300 strains of N. meningitidis.

Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to characterize 378 isolates of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C recovered during a period of an increase in group C meningococcal disease in Canada. Thirty-four enzyme electrophoretic types were found among the isolates, which were predominantly (96.0%) serotype 2a. One clone (ET 15), characterized by a rarely occurring allele for the enzyme fumarase, was responsible for a focal outbreak in Ontario followed by the spread of group C disease across the province. This clone, which occurred infrequently among strains isolated in 1986, accounted for over 65% of group C strains associated with meningococcal disease in Canada in 1990.

Effects of antiviral compounds on symptoms and as follows: treatment A-2 days and 1 infectivity of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. Plant Disease 68:219-222. day before inoculation and immediately after inoculation; treatment B-2 days Symptoms of cowpea plants infected with cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) were suppressed and 1 day before inoculation, immediately when plants were sprayed with ribavirin, amantadine, formycin, and methisazone but not after inoculation, and 1 day after when sprayed with MBC. 2-Thiouracil sprays increased or decreased symptoms, depending on inoculation; treatment C-immediately time of application. 2-Thiouracil, formycin, and methisazone also caused phytotoxicity on sprayed after inoculation; treatment D-immeplants. Ribavirin reduced and 2-thiouracil increased the infectivity of CCMV in some treatments, whereas the other compounds had little or no effect. Some ribavirin and formycin treatments of diately after inoculation and 1 day after soybean plants reduced CCMV local lesion numbers significantly. All other applications of the inoculation; treatment E-immediately antiviral compounds caused some but statistically nonsignificant reductions in local lesion after inoculation and 1, 2, 3, and 4 days formation. Ribavirin and amantadine did not significantly alter detectable viral antigen after inoculation; and treatment F-1, 3, concentrations in sap from treated, infected cowpea plants as determined by ELISA. 6, and 8 days after inoculation. In each experiment, one flat (20 X 12.5

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