Pycnidia of Stagonospora nodorum, and pseudothecia of Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Pyrenophora triticirepentis occurred in greater numbers after one overwintering period on residues of wheat and barley stored on the surface of the soil than on residues from the previous fall. Conidial numbers of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera teres on residues of wheat and barley, and pseudothecia of Pyrenophora teres on residues of barley decreased over one winter but these pathogens continued to sporulate at low levels after two winters. With residue from the soil surface, Drechslera teres and B. sorokiniana conidia occurred in greater numbers on lower parts of the plants. Drechslera teres occurred primarily on leaf and sheath areas and B. sorokiniana, on sheath and stem areas, while P. teres sporulated mainly on stems. Numbers of conidia of D. teres may have declined because the pathogen occurred mainly on leaves, which disintegrated after one winter. The wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum was able to sporulate on barley residue. Since sporulation occurs on residue in spring, this could lead to early infections on seedlings. To control these diseases, wheat should not follow wheat or barley, and barley should not follow barley or wheat. This study indicates that a minimum of 2 years between wheat crops is required to prevent septoria leaf spot, but 1 year between wheat crops may be sufficient to control tan spot. Barley should not be grown within at least 2 years of a previous barley crop, and possibly even more time should be allowed between barley crops to control net blotch. Résumé: Après un hiver, il y avail plus de pycnides du Stagonospora nodorum, et de pseudothèces du Phaeosphaeria nodorum et du Pyrenophora tritici-repentis sur les débris de blé et d'orge en surface du sol que sur les débris de l'automne precedent. Les quantités de conidies du Bipolaris sorokiniana et du Drechslera teres sur les débris de blé et d'orge, et de pseudothèces du Pyrenophora teres sur les débris d'orge ont diminué après un hiver, mais ces champignons pathogènes ont continue a faiblement sporuler après deux hivers. Avec les débris en surface du sol, les conidies du D. teres et du B. sorokiniana étaient plus nombreuses sur les parties basses des plantes. Le D. teres était présent surtout sur les feuilles et les gaines, et le B. sorokiniana sur les gaines et les chaumes, alors que le P. teres a sporulé surtout sur les chaumes. La quantité de conidies du D.teres peut avoir diminué a cause de la presence prépondérante sur les feuilles qui se sont désagrégées après un hiver. Le champignon pathogène du blé, Stagonospora nodorum, a pu sporuler sur les débris d'orge. Étant donné que la sporulation a lieu au printemps sur les débris, ceci pourrait causer des infections précoces des semis. Pour contrer ces maladies, le blé ne devrait pas suivre du blé ou de l'orge, et l'orge ne devrait pas suivre de l'orge ou du blé. La présente étude indique qu'une rotation d'au moins 2 ans est nécessaire entre les cultures du blé pour prévenir la tache septorienn...
One hundred and fourteen isolates of Sclerotinia from 23 different hosts in many parts of Saskatchewan were grouped, according to their morphology, on minimal medium. Two types of seedling pathogenicity tests on six host species were conducted on at least one isolate from each morphological group and one from each host species. A total of 38 isolates was tested. Assays for pectolytic enzyme activities of the same 38 isolates were done using a defined medium, and Swede turnip and carrot tissue as substrates. Polygalacturonase, pectin transeliminase, and pectin methylesterase were all tested. The results showed that an endopolygalacturonase was probably the most prevalent enzyme. Some isolates also produced exopolygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, but pectin transeliminase was never detected. There was no correlation between pathogenicity of the isolates and their enzyme activities in vitro or in vivo, suggesting that pectolytic enzymes are not responsible alone for pathogenicity. Agglomerative classification was used to demonstrate relationships between the isolates. However, the isolates did not fall into discrete groups based on morphological, pathological, physiological, or even combined characteristics. Neither were there clear host or geographic associations. This continuous variation rather than a segregated population is consistent with Purdy's "broader concept of the species S. sclerotiorum."
A en juger par les ldsions affectant I'entre-noeud situd sous la couronne, la taille des semences ou la date de semis dtaient sans effet sur la gravitd de la maladie mais en revanche celle-ci augmentait avec la profondeur du semis.On a de mdme observ6 une baisse de rendement en semis profond ou tardif. La levde n'6tait pas influenc6e par la date de semis mais l'6tait par la profondeur de semis. La diminution du rendement en semis tardif n'6tait pas li6e ir la prdsence du pidtin mais, la maladie jouait un r6le dans la baisse de rendement associ6e d la profondeur des semis. L'amdlioration de la lev6e et la baisse de l'infection en semis superficiels se sont traduites par un nombre supdrieur de plantes saines, ce qui explique probablement du moins en partie, la hausse de rendement de grain observ6.
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