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SYNOPSISThe therapeutic efficacy of a combination of gentamicin with carbenicillin was compared with those of each antibiotic alone. The efferent urinary ducts of rats were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic therapy was started six days later. After seven days' therapy quantitative bacteriological findings in the urine and renal tissue were compared with those of untreated rats that had been infected. The degree of infection was least in the group treated with concurrent gentamicin and carbenicillin. It was concluded that the therapeutic efficacy of the gentamicincarbenicillin combination exceeded those of each antibiotic administered alone.Urinary tract infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa are very difficult to manage and may lead to complications including a potentially fatal bacteraemia (McCabe and Jackson, 1962;Melnick and Litvak, 1963). These infections occur mainly in urological wards and affect postoperative patients who undergo repeated catheterization of the urinary bladder or have functional and anatomical disturbances of the efferent urinary ducts. Interest in Pseudomonas infections has recently been increasing, especially in connexion with kidney transplantation, as the lowering of resistance by immunosuppressive agents plays a major role in the development of infections (Khastagir,

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