As technology scales, transient faults have emerged as a key challenge for reliable embedded system design. This paper proposes a design methodology that incorporates reliability into hardware-software co-design paradigm for embedded systems. We introduce an allocation and scheduling algorithm that efficiently handles conditional execution in multi-rate embedded systems, and selectively duplicates critical tasks to detect or correct transient errors, such that the reliability of the system is improved. Two methods are proposed to insert duplicated tasks into the schedule. The improved reliability is achieved by utilizing the otherwise idle computation resources and taking advantage of the overlapping schedule for mutually exclusive tasks in the conditional task graph, such that it incurs no resource or performance penalty.

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In the second approach, we calculated a change in the position of minimum of the real part of the refractive index against frequency. For molecules orientation along z-direction, the n Re reaches minimum value at f zmin 5 85.2 GHz while for x direction at f xmin 5 83.7 GHz. The relative change in the resonance position is of about 1.8% (Fig. 7). This feature of the proposed cell can be used for building a tunable filter for applications in M band. CONCLUSIONWe proposed a novel design of the tunable metamaterial cell with TWs used as electrodes for IPS, which has negative real part of the refractive index in M band. Realistic geometric and material parameters were assumed, which makes fabrication of the proposed cell feasible with available technology. The tunability of the design was validated using numerical simulations. The relative change of real part of the refractive index reaches 59.5%. It makes it possible to use the proposed cell as a phase shifter operating in M band.ABSTRACT: A microstrip triangular-ring antenna structure designed using the log-periodic principle has been proposed. The antenna elements and the feeding networks have been designed and the antenna simulations are done using Ansoft HFSS software. Shorting posts have been used at the center of the edges of the ring to adjust the shift in the resonant frequency. The simulated and tested results show that the ring antenna with three posts resonated at the same frequency as the triangular patch giving an enhanced gain and a size reduction of 81%. A log periodic array of three triangular rings is also designed and analyzed which gives a good frequency independent behavior in the frequency range of 6.6-11.6 GHz. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:41-46, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.

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