Aim. Study of iodine supply in different segments of the population throughout Ukraine, establishment of the morbidity level caused by iodine deficiency, analysis of preventive measures and their effectiveness and development of adequate ways of mass, group and individual prophylaxis of iodine deficiency in the body, which will reduce morbidity in areas of endemic iodine deficiency. The article considers the most important results of long-term epidemiological studies of iodine supply in different categories of the population of almost all regions of Ukraine. Significant volume of work was performed with the support of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine, UNICEF Ukrainian office, and the CDC in Atlanta (USA), which for more than 19 years has provided external quality control of the study of iodine status of the population of Ukraine. The data on iodine content in food and biological fluids of the population affected by the Chernobyl accident are given and the dependence of the irradiation dose of the thyroid on the body supply with stable iodine and on the optimization of the latter after the adoption of the State Programme for Iodine Deficiency Prevention for 2002–2005 is shown. The effectiveness of mass iodine prophylaxis by using universally iodized table salt is emphasized. The article presents data on suggested and implemented ways of mass, group and individual iodine prophylaxis, studies of their effectiveness and shows the positive dynamics of changes in providing the population with dietary iodine. The need for constant consumption of food products with sufficient iodine content, including iodized salt, is proven. Significant changes in the prevalence and incidence of thyroid pathology, socio-ecological and medical benefits of prevention of iodine-dependent disorders are described. The article was prepared as a scientific information material for family doctors, endocrinologists, obstetricians and gynaecologists, hygienists, the public, the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine in connection with the need for a legislative solution to the prevention of iodine-dependent disorders in Ukraine. Materials and Methods. To study the problem and assess the state of iodine deficiency in Ukraine the criteria recommended by the WHO and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) were applied for the first time, a method for determining the iodine content in the body was developed and implemented, which allowed to join the international “Equip” system of iodine supply control in the world and in Ukraine. This made it possible to move from indirect to direct methods of determining the intake of iodine in the body. Conclusions. A detailed study of iodine supply in different segments of the population of Ukraine proved the negative effects of iodine deficiency on health; in particular, it was found that the overall decrease in productivity of the generation of children in iodine deficiency populations is 5%. Measures to eliminate iodine-dependent disorder among the population of Ukraine have been developed and implemented. The development and production of iodized food salt, adequate to the needs of the population, has been carried out. The result of these measures, developed and implemented to eliminate iodine-dependent disorders and to improve the nation’s intelligence, is, according to the official data, the improvement of iodine supply of the population, significant reduction in the number of thyroid disorders, especially among those affected with 131I, which, even just because of this indicator, has significant social-economic effect. Key Words: Chernobyl accident, iodine deficiency, iodized salt, population, prevention, regions.

The article shows the value of macronutrients, which, along with other food ingredients, form various structures of the body. The data on the content of macronutrients in the diets of the population of different age groups for the period 2004-2020, living in the settlements of the Kyiv region and exposed to the impact of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, are presented. Aim of the Research. The aim of the study was to summarize data on the content of minerals in the diet of the population living under the influence of radiation exposure. The main attention is paid to organic elements (phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, chlorine, calcium, magnesium and iron), which form almost 98% of the chemical composition of the cell. Their total content is up to 1.9 % of the mass of the human body. Material and Methods. To achieve this goal, a set of methods was used, in particular: bibliographic — a theoretical analysis was carried out and the data from scientific literature was generalized; questionnairesurvey — the actual content of macronutrients in the diets of different age groups and mathematics were analyzed. Statistical data processing was carried out using modern methods of medical statistics. Results and Discussion. Regular provision of the body with all the necessary nutrients is of great importance for maintaining health, performance and active longevity of a person. Our longterm research conducted among the population of ecologically dangerous territories of Ukraine found that the content of macronutrients in the diets of adults, children and pregnant women did not meet physiological needs. Conclusion. The content of macronutrients in the diet of the surveyed population was unbalanced. Diets deficient in the content of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), the optimal ratio between macronutrients is disturbed, which can be the cause of premorbid conditions and be the reason for the formation of alimentary and alimentary-dependent diseases. The article is relevant for family doctors, hygienists, nutritionists, nutritionists and individuals interested in nutritional problems. Key words: minerals, nutrition, macronutrients, physiological role of macronutrients, recommended daily intake, sources of supply, population.

Aim of the Research. Generalization of information about the properties and history of discovery of water-soluble vitamins, their up-to-date classification, sources of their intake and daily consumption by people of different ages and for people affected by the Chernobyl accident and living in environmentally hazardous areas. The article describes the results and data of long-term studies of the actual consumption of water-soluble vitamins by the population living in radioactively contaminated areas as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Materials and Methods. The presented data of the academic literature on the history of discovery of vitamins reveal their main characteristics and significance for the functioning of the human body. The information about physiological needs and the main sources of vitamins intake are presented. Conclusions. The article is relevant for family doctors, hygienists, nutritiologists, nutritionists and others as a scientific information material on the prevention and correction of vitamin deficiency. Key Words: water-soluble vitamins, vitamin deficiency, daily intake of vitamins, population of environmentally fragile regions, Chernobyl accident.

ABSTRACT. The article addresses the value of fat-soluble vitamins as a mean of increasing body radiation resistance under unfavourable environmental conditions resulting from the Chernobyl NPP accident. The radioprotective role of essential organic compounds with high biological activity that contribute to the functioning of the body under complicated environmental conditions. Insufficient dietary intake of vitamins increases the radiosensitivity of the human body. Data are given on the actual dietary intake of vitamins by different age groups (employable adults, children, pregnant women from different settlements in the District of Ivankiv of the Region of Kyiv for 2004–2018) living at the territories contaminated as the result of Chernobyl NPP accident. Analysis of literature and own data indicate that fat-soluble vitamins are essential food components that regulate biochemical and physiological processes in the human body due to the activation of metabolic and enzymatic reactions, have radioprotective properties and should enter the body in sufficient amounts in accordance with age and gender. This is especially true of the population affected because of the Chernobyl NPP accident. Study results have shown that retinol and calciferol deficiency in the body of the population living in the regions affected as a result of Chernobyl NPP accident, is due to changes in the conventional structure of diets and consumption of counterfeit products, first of all, butter and hard cheese. Despite the fact that average daily diet contains a wider range of products compared with the first post-accident years, level of fat-soluble vitamins, in particular vitamin A (even considering b-carotene) and vitamin D does not meet the physiological needs, which may cause dysmetabolic processes in various organs and systems and lead to an increase in alimentary and alimentary-dependent diseases. Key Words: fat-soluble vitamins, physiological role of vitamins, vitamin deficiency, sources of vitamins, recommended daily intake, population of environmentally dangerous regions, Chernobyl NPP accident.