Abstract. Recently, the problem of low-alcohol consumption among adolescents and young people has become especially relevant, which was confirmed by the results of global WHO research and the ESPAD project in Ukraine (2019). Aim. Study the age and gender characteristics of low-alcohol beverages among children and adolescents, identify risks and identify ways to minimize the negative impact of low-alcohol beverages on public health. Materials and Methods. The data of the WHO and the ESPAD project, separate national researches on alcohol use by teenagers are studied; analyzed the results of the long-term epidemiological study "Family and Children of Ukraine", which is part of the WHO long-term European long-term study program on parenting and childhood "ELSPAC" (European Longitudinal Study of Parenthood and Childhood). Results. According to the latest ESPAD study in Ukraine (2019), 85.7 % of all adolescents surveyed (more than 2,000 people) have consumed alcohol at least once in their lifetime, and the share of those who have consumed alcohol in their lifetime is ten and more times amounted to 46.3 %. According to the Family and Children of Ukraine study (989 people), the youngest age when alcohol was first consumed by adolescents of both sexes was 9 years of age and younger, with adolescent girls being more active than boys in their age. The analysis of the questionnaires ("Adolescent Questionnaires 15-18 years") revealed that among the surveyed adolescents, 67.4 % (725) people drank alcohol at least once in their lives, and there were more girls (69.5 % – 370 people) than boys (65.4 % – 355 people). The highest rates among adolescent boys were recorded in the 14-year-old group: 19.0 % drank beer for the first time, 14.5 % drank wine or champagne, 9.4% drank alcohol, and 7.4% drank strong alcohol. The highest rates of adolescent girls were found in the 15-year age group: beer was consumed for the first time by 16.9%, wine or champagne – 22.4%, alcoholic cocktail – 16.9 %, spirits – 8.6 %. Analysis of the degree of involvement of adolescents in beer consumption showed that at the age of 9 years and younger 3.9% (21) boys and 5.3 % (28) girls tried beer for the first time; at the age of 14 – 19.0 % (103) boys and 14.5 % (77) girls; at the age of 15 – 16.0 % (87) boys and 16.9 % (90) girls. Thus, the first time the interviewed teenagers tried beer was at the age of 14-15. Conclusions. Consumption of low-alcohol beverages among children and adolescents in Ukraine is an acute social problem, the solution of which requires a systematic approach, which should include the formation and promotion of alcohol-free norms among young people, as well as marketing tools focus on priority consumption of soft drinks. Key Words: low alcohol drinks, adolescents, food safety.

Актуальність дослідження обумовлена великою кількістю сезонних грибних отруєнь дикорослими отруйними та умовно їстівними грибами на території Київської області, що супроводжується тяжким перебігом отруєння, особливо серед дітей, високими показниками стаціонарної летальності, надзвичайною вартістю та складністю лікування. Метою даного дослідження був обраний аналіз найбільш поширених токсичних синдромів і невідкладних станів, що виникають при отруєнні дикорослими отруйними та умовно їстівними грибами, поширеними на території Київської області. Матеріалом дослідження були обрані випадки гострих отруєнь дикорослими отруйними та умовно їстівними грибами серед дорослого населення м. Києва та області за 1995–2015 рр. (усього 1587 випадків). Усі пацієнти проходили стаціонарне лікування на базі токсикологічного відділення Київської міської клінічної лікарні швидкої медичної допомоги. Проведений ретроспективний аналіз результатів клініко-лабораторного обстеження та лікування пацієнтів. Використовувалися методи дослідження: аналітичний та порівняльного аналізу.За результатами проведеного дослідження встановлено, що залежно від виду грибного токсину, фази гострого отруєння та відповідно до клінічних проявів усі випадки гострих отруєнь дикорослими грибами були розподілені на три групи. Перша група об’єднала випадки отруєння грибами з гастроентеротропною дією; друга — з нейротропною дією; третя — з гепатонефротропною дією. За період дослідження отруєння грибами гепатонефротропної дії становили 15,2 % (242 випадки); гастроентеротропної дії — 81,3 % (1314 випадків); нейротропної дії — 1,9 % (31 випадок). Різноманітність і варіабельність симптомів гострих отруєнь дикорослими грибами обумовлюють необхідність проведення ретельної диференційної діагностики з широким спектром соматичних та інфекційних захворювань. Усі патологічні стани, що трактувались як отруєння грибами, були розподілені наступним чином: отруєння високотоксичними грибами (блідою поганкою та аманітальними мухоморами); токсикоінфекції і ботулізм; гострі отруєння пестицидами, металами, радіонуклідами та іншими токсикантами, що містилися у грибах у надмірно високих концентраціях; гострі та хронічні в стадії загострення захворювання органів черевної порожнини.З огляду на те, що в Україні не проводиться лабораторна ідентифікація грибних токсинів через високу вартість досліджень, відсутність обладнання, складність мікологічної ідентифікації, діагноз «отруєння грибами» повинен базуватися на токсикологічному та епідеміологічному анамнезі, клінічних проявах, клініко-біохімічних даних і результатах допоміжних методів дослідження. У складних для діагностики випадках слід залучати суміжних спеціалістів (неврологів, гастроентерологів, хірургів, інфекціоністів).

ABSTRACT. The article addresses the value of fat-soluble vitamins as a mean of increasing body radiation resistance under unfavourable environmental conditions resulting from the Chernobyl NPP accident. The radioprotective role of essential organic compounds with high biological activity that contribute to the functioning of the body under complicated environmental conditions. Insufficient dietary intake of vitamins increases the radiosensitivity of the human body. Data are given on the actual dietary intake of vitamins by different age groups (employable adults, children, pregnant women from different settlements in the District of Ivankiv of the Region of Kyiv for 2004–2018) living at the territories contaminated as the result of Chernobyl NPP accident. Analysis of literature and own data indicate that fat-soluble vitamins are essential food components that regulate biochemical and physiological processes in the human body due to the activation of metabolic and enzymatic reactions, have radioprotective properties and should enter the body in sufficient amounts in accordance with age and gender. This is especially true of the population affected because of the Chernobyl NPP accident. Study results have shown that retinol and calciferol deficiency in the body of the population living in the regions affected as a result of Chernobyl NPP accident, is due to changes in the conventional structure of diets and consumption of counterfeit products, first of all, butter and hard cheese. Despite the fact that average daily diet contains a wider range of products compared with the first post-accident years, level of fat-soluble vitamins, in particular vitamin A (even considering b-carotene) and vitamin D does not meet the physiological needs, which may cause dysmetabolic processes in various organs and systems and lead to an increase in alimentary and alimentary-dependent diseases. Key Words: fat-soluble vitamins, physiological role of vitamins, vitamin deficiency, sources of vitamins, recommended daily intake, population of environmentally dangerous regions, Chernobyl NPP accident.

ABSTRACT. In the context of increasing anthropogenic load, the ability of the body to maintain high-level resistance to various harmful factors is essential. Thus, the creation of effective tools that can increase the level of adaptive capacity of the human body under conditions of the environmental hazards is a topical issue of modern medicine. Objective. Scientific substantiation of the technology of creation of enriched natural honey containing bioactive substances — adaptogens, capable to increase adaptive capabilities of the body under conditions of environmental hazards. Materials and Methods. The material for this study were Ukrainian breed bees. The process of enriching the natural properties of natural honey was carried out in a natural way through the bee family, by feeding colonies of bees with a special composition of natural origin components based on common oat (Avtina satHva) and milk thistle (Silybum marianum). Results. The analysis of the regulatory framework governing the use of honey with phytoadditives and bee products in Ukraine has proved that currently there is a lack of scientifically grounded technology of natural honey enrichment, which is realized through the bee family by feeding optimally selected qualitative and quantitative composition of high-quality components of natural origin. The authors proposed a model of toxicological and hygienic evaluation of raw materials and finished product based on enriched natural honey, which allows carrying out toxicological support of the process of creating an innovative product — enriched natural honey, and developing a modern technological standard of the finished product according to the evaluation results. Study results have proved that the most promising medicinal raw material for the creation of enriched natural honey is milk thistle (Silybum marianum) extract. Conclusion. The results of the first stage of the study confirm the prospect of further research on natural adaptogens for the development of innovative products based on natural honey and bioactive substances of plant origin, which will allow obtaining new useful varieties of honey and significantly improving the economic performance of enterprises producing these products. Key Words: biotechnologies, honey, bioactive substances, adaptogens.

Aim. The search for ways to create hepatoprotective food additives based on biologically active substances of plant origin and bee honey is an important area of research in the field of biology and medicine. Materials and Methods. The material for the research was bees of Ukrainian breed (Apis mellifera sossimai). The process of enriching the natural properties of natural honey was carried out in a natural way through the bee family by feeding colonies of bees with a special composition of natural origin components based on Avéna satíva and Silibum marianum. Sieve honey with monofloral honey from white acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) 55.0–55.0% was used for feeding of the bee families. The first research group was exclusively fed honey water (control). For the second and third experimental groups, Avena Sativa and Milk Thistle Dry Extract were introduced into the main feed, respectively. Preparation of honey water was carried out on distilled water. Each group of bee families was evaluated according to the complex of biological and economic-useful features during the whole study period. The concentrations of active substances in the obtained batches of honey were determined. Ferulic acid was chosen as the active substance for oat, sum of Silibinin A and Silibinin B for milk thistle. The mass concentration of ferulic acid was measured according to European Standards EN 15662:2008 using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry following acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and clean-up by dispersive solid phase extraction (Quechers) method. The limits of quantitation of ferulic acid and sum of Silibinin A and Silibinin B were 0.02 mg/kg. The high content (83.3±0.4 mg/kg) of Silibinin flavonoids (A and B), Isosilibin (A and B), Silichristin A, etc. in honey persists. Instead, ferulic acid precipitated in fairly low concentrations of honey (1.13±0.02 mg/kg). Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that the extract of milk thistle is promising for the creation of enriched natural honey with hepatoprotective properties, as the biologically active components of this plant have characteristics that allow to obtain the final product with a high content of active substances. Key Words: honeybee, biological active substances, hepatoprotectors.