Strong emission from the auroral green line O( 1 S) G O( 1 D) at 557.7 nm was observed in the afterglow of an atmospheric-pressure 2.45 GHz microwave-induced plasma jet. The device used Ar as the working gas for the plasma, and a surrounding N 2 gas flow to stabilize the discharge. The characteristic line-shape of the peak at 557.7 nm indicated that the emission was from the O( 1 S)N 2 excimer. Vibrational temperatures of NO and N 2 , estimated based on the emission spectra of the afterglow, were compared against the intensity of the green line and the concentration of N 2 gas flowing in the system. The data points yielding the most intense green lines fall at vibrational temperatures of around 2000 K for both NO and N 2 . It was observed that the amount of N 2 gas flowing in the system positively contributed to the intensity of the green line. Using fluid simulation, the O 2 concentration in the afterglow was estimated to be in the range of 1-5.5%.

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This study attempted to address the existing urban design needs and computer-aided thermal engineering and explore the optimal green space layout to obtain an acceptable thermal environment at the neighborhood scale through a series of building energy and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The building-energy analysis software eQUEST and weather database TMY2 were adopted to analyze the electric energy consumed by air conditioners and the analysis results were incorporated to derive the heat dissipated from air conditioners. Then, the PHOENICS CFD software was used to analyze how the green space layout influences outdoor thermal environment based on the heat dissipated from air conditioners and the solar heat reemitted from the built surfaces. The results show that a green space located in the center of this investigated area and at the far side of the downstream of a summer monsoon is the recommended layout. The layouts, with green space in the center, can decrease the highest temperature by 0.36 °C.

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