Performance of soybean genotypes under high intensity drought stress in greenhouse conditionsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and the traits involved in the responses of three soybean genotypes to high intensity drought stress under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Greenhouse and Horticulture Station Professor Mario César Lopes, NEE/UNIOESTE -Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil, in 2007. Were evaluated three soybean genotypes (CD 201, CD 202 and CD 217) subjected to a high intensity and short drought stress period. The experiment was arranged in a (3x2) factorial completely randomized design with five replications. Drought stress was induced at the beginning of the reproductive stage by watering suspension. Soil moisture content (Ug) and relative leaf water content (RWC) were measured during drought stress and rehydration period. Protoplasmic tolerance was evaluated before rehydration and the biometric parameters were determined after (CD 201, CD 202 e CD 217) e dois regimes hídricos (irrigação satisfatória e déficit hídrico), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. O déficit hídrico foi imposto por meio de suspensão da rega, no início da fase reprodutiva da cultura. Foram avaliados a umidade gravimétrica do solo (Ug) e o conteúdo relativo de água nas folhas (CRA), durante o período de déficit hídrico; a liberação de eletrólitos de discos foliares, no momento da reidratação; as variáveis biométricas, no final do período de recuperação e os componentes da produção e produção por planta, no final do ciclo da cultura. O déficit hídrico aplicado afetou de maneira distinta os genótipos testados, quanto à manutenção do status hídrico, da área foliar e, por consequência, do potencial produtivo. A diferenciação no comportamento dos genótipos foi possível, mesmo em condições de déficit hídrico intenso, sendo o CD 202 o que apresentou melhor comportamento. A manutenção do CRA e da área foliar devem ser consideradas como características de interesse no desenvolvimento de materiais adaptados a condições de restrição hídrica. Palavras-chave:Glycine max (L.) Merr., disponibilidade hídrica, conteúdo relativo de água, área foliar, tolerância protoplasmática.
RESUMO -O presente estudo teve o objetivo de determinar genótipos superiores de girassol, bem como realizar estudos de correlação entre suas características. Avaliou-se seis híbridos de girassol em condições de safrinha no município de Palotina -PR. O estudo avaliou quinze variáveis: massa seca de folhas, massa seca de caule e pecíolos, massa seca total, área foliar, altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo, massa de grãos por capítulo, diâmetro de capítulo, percentagem de grãos normais, massa de mil grãos, número de grãos por capítulo, produtividade, teor de proteína bruta, teor de óleo e rendimento de óleo. Os dados direcionam os híbridos H360 e MG2 com boa produtividade e maior teor de óleo para a produção de óleo e os híbridos M734 e Aguará 3 para a alimentação animal, com boa produtividade e menor teor de óleo. As correlações entre produtividade e os componentes de produção foram de 0,62; 0,47; 0,60; 0,49 e 0,47 para massa de grãos por capítulo, diâmetro de capítulo, percentagem de grãos normais, massa de mil grãos e número de grãos por capítulo, respectivamente, concluindo que a seleção de materiais a partir desses componentes ocasionará a seleção de materiais promissores em produtividade. Palavras-chave:Hellianthus annuus L. Correlação. Genótipos. ABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to determine superior genotypes of the sunflower, as well as to study the correlation between its characteristics. Six sunflower hybrids were evaluated under late-summer conditions in Palotina in the state of Paraná. The study evaluated fifteen variables: leaf dry mass, stem and petiole dry mass, total dry mass, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, grain weight per head, head diameter, percentage of normal grains, thousand grain weight, number of grains per head, productivity, crude protein content, oil content and oil yield. According to the data, the hybrids H360 and MG2, with good productivity and higher oil content, are indicated for oil production, and the hybrids M734 and Aguará 3, with good productivity and lower oil content, for animal feed. The correlation between productivity and yield components were 0.62, 0.47, 0.60, 0.49 and 0.47, for grain weight per head, head diameter, percentage of normal grains, thousand grain weight and number of grains per head respectively, leading to the conclusion that the selection of materials from among these components will result in the selection of promising materials for productivity.
Based on the hypothesis that alternative substrates should improve the yield of lettuce crops by producing better quality seedlings, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different substrates on the production of seedlings of this species, and their growth in the field. The study was in two stages. The first consisted of the production of lettuce seedlings, and the second assessed their development in the field. Four alternative substrates were tested, obtained by mixing together a sieved vermicompost from which all clumps had been removed, sterilized sand, charred rice husks and basalt powder. The commercial substrate, Plantmax HA , was also tested. In the first phase, which was conducted in a completely randomised design with four replications, the height, root length, number of leaves, leaf area and dry weight of the seedlings were all evaluated 28 days after sowing. In the second phase, which was carried out in the field in a randomised block design with four replications, the plants were harvested 50 days after transplanting and the head diameter, fresh weight, number of leaves and leaf and stem dry weight were evaluated. The alternative substrates produced larger seedlings in less time than the commercial substrate, resulting in a reduction of 10 days in the total crop cycle. The reduction in the time between sowing and harvesting, together with those aspects relating to sustainability, are the main advantages of the use of alternative substrates, since in the field crop production did not differ between treatments.
A rúcula vem se destacando dentre as hortaliças pela sua composição nutricional e pelo sabor picante e odor agradável. No entanto, são escassos os estudos sobre a nutrição mineral e qualidade do produto, principalmente para a espécie 'Selvática'. Visando suprir esta deficiência, foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada sobre a produção e o acúmulo de nitrato nas folhas de rúcula 'Selvática'. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de duas fontes de nitrogênio (ureia e nitrato de amônio) e cinco doses (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 mg dm -3 de N). A colheita foi realizada 39 dias após o transplante das mudas. A rúcula 'Selvática', quando cultivada em ambiente protegido, responde até a dose de 135 e 160 mg dm -3 de N, na forma de nitrato de amônio e ureia, respectivamente. O teor e o acúmulo de Norgânico + N-NH 4 + (NOA) e de nitrato (NO 3 -) nas folhas de rúcula aumentaram linearmente com as doses de nitrogênio. Contudo, ressalte-se que os teores de NO 3 -ficaram abaixo do limite máximo admissível para o cultivo de hortaliças folhosas em ambiente protegido. Palavras-chave:Cultivo protegido, Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC., hortaliça, nitrogênio. Arugula production and nitrate accumulation as function of nitrogen fertilization ABSTRACTThe arugula has been standing out among vegetables due to its nutritional composition, spicy flavor and pleasant scent. However, there are few studies on mineral nutrition and product quality, especially for 'Savage' species. Aiming to supply this deficiency, an experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the production and accumulation of nitrate in the leaves of 'Savage' arugula. The experimental design was made in randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments resulted from the combination of two nitrogen sources (urea and ammonium nitrate) and five doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mg dm -3 N). The crop was harvested 39 days after transplanting. The 'Savage' arugula, when grown in a protected environment, responds to doses of 135 and 160 mg dm -3 of N, as ammonium nitrate and urea, respectively. The content and accumulation of N-organic + N-NH 4 + (NOA) and nitrate (NO 3 -) in the arugula leaves increased linearly with the nitrogen doses. However, it is noteworthy that the NO 3 -levels were below the maximum permissible level for the cultivation of vegetables under greenhouse conditions.
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