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Background: The microbiological basis of diaper dermatitis has not been clearly elucidated; however, a better understanding of microbial colonization may be vital for developing appropriate therapies. Methods: Using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing technology, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities obtained from the buttock skin sites of children with diaper dermatitis and from healthy controls. Bacterial diversity in the buttock lesion area and subsequent recovery after emollient treatment have been discussed herein. Results: In buttock skin of children with or without diaper dermatitis, Staphylococcus and Anaerococcus were predominant in the total skin microbiome. Compared with the healthy group, the overall skin bacterial richness and diversity were higher in children with diaper dermatitis, with the abundance of Proteobacteria being significantly higher. In the diaper dermatitis group, the richness of Enterococcus, Erwinia and Pseudomonas was significantly higher, and the levels of Clostridium and Actinomyces were significantly lower than those in healthy children. Richness of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in the diaper dermatitis group, whereas that of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bifidobacterium longum was lower. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, the dominant species found in buttock skin, were observed to recover earlier after the disease had improved through emollient treatment. Conclusion: Staphylococcus epidermidis, as skin probiotic bacterium, and B longum, Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus ruminis, which are intestinal probiotic bacteria, are significantly decreased in diaper dermatitis lesions. These changes in the buttock skin microflora indicate an imbalance in the microflora and suggest that the intestinal microflora may be undergoing dynamic changes. The results of this study suggest that probiotic bacterial supplementation may be useful in the treatment and prevention of diaper dermatitis.

The aim of this study was to explore the main factors affecting the occurrence of dandruff in healthy people (nondisease‐induced scalp desquamation). This study analyzed the fungal microbial diversity of the scalp in Chinese teenage volunteers and measured scalp sebum secretion, the scalp pH value, and scalp transepidermal water loss. The amount and size of dandruff were measured, and the main factors that influence dandruff in the normal population were identified using principal component analysis. The results showed that an increase in Malassezia restricta led to an increased amount of dandruff in the mild and moderate groups. Conversely, this was not found for individuals in the severe group, whose dandruff symptoms were influenced by scalp barrier function. In terms of dandruff area grouping, the pH value and the amount of sebum secretion were the main factors, with the barrier function and microbial diversity being secondary factors. Dandruff cosmetics should emphasize different treatments for different types of dandruff to achieve better antidandruff effects. The results of this study provide a new theoretical basis for the development of multiple targets for antidandruff agents aimed at the normal population.

Background Late bedtime is a common form of unhealthy sleep pattern in adulthood, which influences circadian rhythm, and negatively affects health. However, little is known about the effect of regular late bedtime on skin characteristics, particularly on skin microbiome. Objective To investigate the changes and effects of the regular late bedtime on skin physiological parameters and facial bacterial microbiome of 219 cases of Chinese women aged 18–38 years living in Shanghai. Methods Based on the Self-Evaluation Questionnaire, bedtime was categorized as 11:00 PM; thus, the volunteers were divided into early bedtime group (S0) and late bedtime group (S1). The physiological parameters of facial skin were measured by non-invasive instrumental methods, and the skin microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results The skin physiological parameters of the late bedtime group exhibited significant decrease in skin hydration content, skin firmness (F4) and elasticity (R2), while TEWL, sebum and wrinkle significantly increased. The result indicated that late bedtime significantly impaired the integrity of skin barrier, damaged skin structure, and disrupted water–oil balance. Furthermore, the analysis of α-diversity, Sobs, Ace and Chao index were found to significantly decrease ( P < 0.05) in the late bedtime group, suggesting that late bedtime reduced both the abundance and the diversity of facial bacterial microbiota. Moreover, the abundance of Pseudomonas increased significantly, while Streptococcus , Stenotrophomonas , Acinetobacter, Haemophilus, Actinomyces and Neisseria decreased significantly. In addition, Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between the microbiota and the physiological parameters. Notably, the abundance of Pseudomonas significantly positively correlated with skin firmness and elasticity, but significantly negatively correlated with skin hemoglobin content, melanin content and skin hydration. Conclusion Bedtime is an important factor in maintaining skin health. Regular late bedtime not only damages the skin barrier and skin structure but also reduces the diversity and composition of facial bacterial microbiome.

On behalf of the entire Editorial Board, we are honoured to write this editorial and announce the launch of the new journal Biomedical Dermatology. This is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal and specialises in all areas of dermatology, cosmetic biology and biotechnology research. Moreover, Biomedical Dermatology is a platform used to showcase the knowledge and achievements in the field of cosmetics and combine the Eastern theory of skin care and modern scientific methods to promote the development of the cosmetic skin industry and integration of Eastern and Western perspectives and technology to provide the industry with a range of possibilities. We cordially invite all of you to participate and submit your research to ensure that everyone can learn and strive towards our common goals.On behalf of the entire Editorial Board, we are honoured to write this editorial and announce the launch of the new journal Biomedical Dermatology. In addition, the Korea Institute of Dermatological Sciences (KIDS) (Korea Institute of Dermatological Sciences, n.d.) is delighted to commemorate this milestone by entering into a new era in which the journal is published by BioMed Central.Biomedical Dermatology is the official journal of KIDS and specialises in all areas of dermatology, cosmetic biology and biotechnology research. Moreover, the journal aims to become a high-quality international forum for innovative and exciting advances in dermatology and cosmetology. Topics covered by this journal will range from basic, pre-clinical and clinical research pertaining to skin biology and will include the biomedical aspects of dermatology and cosmetology.Due to environmental changes and an increasing number of life stressors, skin health has become a growing concern. Most research in the field of skin science has focused on the avoidance of skin diseases and the protection of skin health. Moreover, considering the recent progress in scientific and technological basic research on the skin, the fields of dermatology and cosmetology have substantially advanced. In particular, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis theory has been pivotal in promoting awareness of the role of the immune system associated with the physiology and pathophysiology of the skin. In addition, a novel area of skin research, involving the application of Metagenomic techniques, is the investigation of skin microecology. Regarding skin pathology, a substantial amount of research has focused on the relationship between tension and skin ageing. Recently, both UV damage and environmental pollution have been shown to accelerate skin-related injury.In the field of cosmetics, advances in biological technology (e.g. the precise extraction of natural substances, applications for bioengineering technology and the increased number of Chinese herbal medicine cosmetics) have promoted the scientific development of raw materials. Moreover, new technology related to cosmetic products has advanced, including microemulsification and new packaging materials.Recently, the eme...