Decreased number of CD4CD25 T cells might be one of the mechanisms that cause immune regulation dysfunction in ITP and the count of CD4CD25 T cells is considered to be related to the severity of ITP, as these cells were significantly decreased in the active phase of the disease and increased in the patients at the complete remission phase. Therefore, count of CD4CD25 T cells might be a helpful diagnostic predictor of onset and improvement of ITP in children. Finally, it is suggested that these cells may have therapeutic implications that need further clarification.

Objective: To measure the serum Dickkopf-1 level in neonates with HIE and to study its relation to the neurodevelopmental outcome in those neonates in comparison to healthy neonates. Methods: We measured serum levels of Dkk-1 by ELISA in neonates with HIE (n = 40) and in healthy controls (n = 30). Results: Dkk-1 serum levels increased significantly in HIE neonates than in healthy control, Serum DKK-1 levels increased significantly in severe HIE patients. Conclusion: DKK1 level was higher in neonates with HIE than normal neonates and DKK1 level correlated postively with degree of HIE.

Introduction: Most neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is benign, but because of the potential toxicity of bilirubin, neonates should be monitored to identity those who might develop severe hyperbilirubinemia. Objective: To determine if the cord blood hydrogen peroxide level can be used as an early predictor of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or not and if there is a correlation between its levels and the severity of hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: This is a prospective comparative study included 59 full term neonates. Forty-one neonates developed jaundice (group I) and 18 neonates did not develop jaundice (group II) as controls. For all studied groups, we measured the cord blood bilirubin using modified diazo method and hydrogen peroxide levels using ELISA Kits and we measured their levels at 5 th and 7 th days of life for patients. Results: The cord blood H 2 O 2 levels as well as the bilirubin levels were higher in patients than controls. Significant positive correlations between cord blood H 2 O 2 and cord blood bilirubin levels were present (r=0.81& p<0.001), bilirubin levels at the 5 th day of life (r=0.46& p<0.001) and bilirubin levels at the 7 th day (r=0.60 & p<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the 5 th day H 2 O 2 and the 5 th day bilirubin levels (r=0.75& p<0.001) and a strong significant correlation between 7 th day H 2 O 2 and 7 th day bilirubin (r=0.94 & p= 0.001). The sensitivity of the cord blood H 2 O 2 in cases as a predictor to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was 92.6% and the specificity was100% with a cutoff point >35 (p-value 0.001). Conclusion: Cord blood hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) levels can be used as an early predictor of neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia and can determine which neonates should be followed after discharge from the hospital.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and accompanied by long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. Several studies have shown that Glycated Albumin (GA) is more reliable DM monitor and a better marker of glycemic control in patients with fluctuating and poorly controlled type 2 DM. Moreover, serum GA is not affected by factors that affect hemoglobin metabolism. The aim of the study: To study the value of serum glycated albumin as a new marker for glycemic control in diabetic children. Methods: 30 diabetic children were included in the study in addition to 20, sex and age matched apparently healthy children as a control group. The associations among HbA1c, GA, and GA/HbA1c ratio were examined, referred and managed in Children's Hospital, Minia University. The results: Plasma glucose, GA and HbA1c measurements were done at baseline, after the 1st and after the 3 rd months for all the subjects. GA levels strongly correlated with HbA1c% in the diabetic group. The mean GA and HbA1c values were significantly lower in control group than in diabetic group (p<0.001). GA, HbA1c and the ratio decreased significantly within 4 weeks, but GA showed a significantly larger decrease than HbA1c. Conclusion: GA seems to be more accurately reflect short term glycemic control than HbA1c.

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