INTISARIPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar hormon testosteron, libido, dan kualitas sperma kambing Bligon, Kejobong, dan Peranakan Etawah (PE). Sampel terdiri dari 3 ekor kambing Bligon, 3 ekor kambing Kejobong, dan 3 ekor kambing PE jantan. Kadar testosteron diukur menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tingkat libido diketahui dengan pengamatan waktu pertama mencumbu betina, menaiki betina, sampai ejakulasi. Penampungan sperma menggunakan metode vagina buatan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian ditentukan nilai korelasi antara kadar testosteron dengan libido dan kualitas sperma. Hasil menunjukkan testosteron pagi kambing Bligon berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,79 dan Y= 20,91-6,52X), menaiki betina (R= -0,80 dan Y= 20,28-7,16X), ejakulasi (R= -0,81 dan Y= 14,03-7,56X), volume sperma (R= 0,65 dan Y= -0,78+0,03X), dan motilitas spermatozoa (R= 0,70 dan Y= -73,83+1,43X) (P<0,01). Testosteron pagi kambing Kejobong berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,75 dan Y= 14,96-0,68X), menaiki betina (R= -0,69 dan Y= 21,59-0,86X), ejakulasi (R= -0,66 dan Y= 28,51-0,83X), dan konsentrasi spermatozoa (R= 0,59 dan Y= 430,73+12,75X) (P<0,01), sedangkan testosteron sore berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,90 dan Y= 21,50-1,06X), menaiki betina (R= -0,90 dan Y= 24,89-1,16X), dan ejakulasi (R= -0,84 dan Y= 34,27-1,14X) (P<0,01). Testosteron sore kambing PE berkorelasi terhadap waktu mencumbu betina (R= -0,72 dan Y= 12,83-7,31X), menaiki betina (R= -0,72 dan Y= 9,11-7,67X), ejakulasi (R= -0,69 dan Y= 2,02-8,25X), viabilitas spermatozoa (R= 0,77 dan Y= -90,99+2,20X) dan konsentrasi spermatozoa (R= 0,72 dan Y= -452,10+9,56X) (P<0,01). Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara kadar hormon testosteron dengan tingkat libido dan kualitas sperma, serta terdapat variasi korelasi diantara bangsa kambing.(Kata kunci: Korelasi, Testosteron, Libido, Kualitas sperma, Kambing) (R= -0.79 and Y= 20.91-6.52X), to mount (R= -0.80 and Y= 20.28-7.16X), to ejaculation (R= -0.81 and Y= 14.03-7.56X), sperm volume (R= 0.65 and Y= -0.78+0.03X) and motility of spermatozoa (R= 0.70 and Y= -73.83+1.43X) (P<0.01). Kejobong's testosterone in the morning was correlated with the first time to sniff (R= -0.75 and Y= 14.96-0.68X), to mount (R= -0.69 and Y= 21.59-0.86X), to ejaculate (R= -0.66 and Y= 28.51-0.83X) and concentration of spermatozoa (R= 0.59 and Y= 430.73+12.75X) (P<0.01), whereas Kejobong's testosterone in the afternoon was correlated with the first time to sniff (R= -0.90 and Y= 21.50-1.06X), to mount (R= -0,90 and Y= 24.89-1.16X) and to ejaculate (R= -0.84 and Y= 34.27-1.14X) (P<0.01). Testosterone in the afternoon of PE was correlated with the first time to sniff (R= -0.72 and Y= 12.83-7.31X), to mount (R= -0.72 and Y= 9.11-7.67X) and to ejaculation (R= -0.69 and Y= 2.02-8.25X) (P<0.01), spermatozoa viability (R= 0.77 and Y= -90.99+2.20X) and spermatozoa concentration (R= 0.72 and Y= -452.10+9.56X) (P<0.01). It could be concluded that testosterone l...

The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity level of chromium and glutaraldehyde. This research was conducted by testing the resistance level of fungi (Aspergillus niger sp.) toward glutaraldehyde and chromium in the medium of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Variable of this experiment was the growth of Aspergillus niger sp. that indicates the resistance level of Aspergillus niger sp. The growth rate of Aspergillus niger sp. was classified on four scales. They were, (I) scale 1: zero growth; (II) scale 2: low growth (+); (III) scale 3: medium growth (++); (IV) Scale: 4 high growth (+++). All collected data were analysed by One Way ANOVA. The result showed that the toxicity of chromium and glutaraldehyde tanning material were highly significantly different toward Aspergillus niger (P<0,01). The Aspergillus niger sp. growth rate scale in chromium medium was high (scale 4: 4.00±0.00). Meanwhile, the growth rate scale of the Aspergillus niger sp. in glutaraldehyde medium was low (scale 2: 1.33 ± 0.58). Based on the fungi growth rate, it can be concluded that glutaraldehyde was more toxic than chromium tanning material toward Aspergillus niger sp. Furthermore, it can be said that glutaraldehyde is not quite ideal to be used as an alternative of chromium as a tanning material.

Chrome (VI) has a high level of toxicity. Formaldehyde is potential to be developed as a substitute of chrome tanning agent. The aims of this study are to explain the amount of formaldehyde bound, shrinkage temperature, tensile strength, and tear strength on Mondol stingray (Himantura gerrardi) leather. Pickled mondol stingray has been used as raw material. The study was divided into 4 treatments, that is P.I (formaldehyde 2%), P.II (formaldehyde 4%), P.III (formaldehyde 6%), and P.IV (formaldehyde 8%). The method used is drum tanning. Shrinkage temperatures, tensile strength and tear strength of P.I and P.II are significantly different from P.III and P.IV, but P.I is not significantly different from P.II, whereas P.III is not significantly different from P.IV. P.III is shown to improve the quality of leather stingray more than P.I and P.II, and has fulfilled the requirements of leather stingray according to SNI. 06-6121-1999. It can be concluded that the optimal level of formaldehyde tanning agent that can be used as a chrome tanning agent substitute in tanning Mondol stingray skin is formaldehyde 8% (P.III).

Restrictions and control on the use of fatliquor especially the sulphited oil during leather production is required due to its effect on chromium change valence (from Cr(III) to Cr(VI)). Utilization of the other oil sources such as vegetable or mineral oil is worthed to be a substitute material. The aim of this study is to quantify the potential release of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from different fatliquors and find the alternative fatliquor. The results showed that the use of 10% mineral oil and sulphited oil affected the Cr total and formation Cr(VI) in the leather, while using 6% condensed tannin (Mimosa) as an antioxidant is effective to reduce the Cr total and Cr(VI) contents in the leather.

Tanning process using free chromed material is needed to reduce toxic content in leather. The aims of this study is to increase byproducts of livestock by goat skin tanning with free chrome tanning materials. This study used glutaraldehyde as tanning materials. Goat skins were tanned become upholstery leather, and then physical quality was determined. The materials of this study were pickle goat skin. Physical testing conducted in Balai Besar Kulit, Karet dan Plastik (BBKKP) Yogyakarta. The results were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 17.0 for Windows. Statistical analysis showed that the value of tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, sewing strength, scrub resistance of paint to dry and wet were 166.025 ± 72.315 kg/cm²; 69.910 ± 9.107%; 26.785 ± 6.031 N/cm; 115.120 ± 18.681 kg/cm; 0.775 ± 0.353; 0.775 ± 0.353 respectively. This study showed that the physical quality of upholstery leather which tanned using free chrome tanning materials have the physical qualities that met with SNI standard for leather upholstery.