The aneurysmal bone cyst is a pseudotumoral lesion that can take several aspects. This is a rare lesion representing 1% of bone tumors. It appears usually during the first 30 years of life. The pathogenesis is that of a process of “dysplasia/hyperplasia”, favored by a circulatory deficiency and hemorrhage within the lesion and the phenomena of osteoclasis. The objective of this work is to illustrate with analysis, the specific forms and atypical aneurysmal bone cyst which often pose a diagnostic challenge requiring radiological investigation with histological confirmation. We report eight pediatric cases of aneurysmal cysts collected over a period of 3 years, 3 boys and 5 girls. All patients had standard radiographs. MRI was performed in three patients. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically. The atypia has been in the seat: fibula (1 case), metaphyseal (2 cases), diaphyseal (4 cases) and metatarsal (1 case). Aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare benign tumor with predilection to the metaphysis of long bones. Atypical forms even fewer are dominated by the atypical seat.

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Le décollement épiphysaire post infectieux est une pathologie très rare, jamais décrite dans la littérature. Nous rapportons deux cas colligés au service: le 1er concerne un garçon âgé de 3 ans, admis pour impotence fonctionnelle du membre inferieur droit. La radiographie a objectivé un glissement de l’épiphyse fémorale supérieure par rapport à la métaphyse avec un épanchement échogène intra articulaire à l’échographie. Une artrotomie avec drainage ont été réalisé, puis le malade a été mis sous antibiothérapie et traction. L’évolution clinique a été bonne. Le 2ème cas est celui d'un garçon âgé de 12 ans, admis pour prise en charge d'une boiterie gauche évoluant dans un contexte fébrile. La radiographie a objectivé un glissement de l’épiphyse fémorale supérieure par rapport à la métaphyse, l’échographie a montré un épanchement intra articulaire gauche. L’évolution a été marquée par la régression du syndrome infectieux après l'arthrotomie de la hanche et l'antibiothérapie.

BackgroundLangerhans cell histiocytosis previously known as histiocytosis X is a rare disease of children and young adults with a very broad clinical spectrum. In children, its annual incidence is estimated between 0.2–0.5 per 100,000.Case representationAn 8-year-old Moroccan girl with no known personal or family history presented to our institution with painful swelling of both forearms. An X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging were inconclusive. We then performed a biopsy curettage (of her left forearm). Microscopic analysis followed by immunohistochemical analysis disclosed a diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. No chemotherapy was necessary. Clinical and radiological improvement was achieved after 6 months.ConclusionThe particularity of this observation is the bilaterality of the lesion on both forearms and it has not previously been reported. Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of osteomyelitis and Ewing’s sarcoma.

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle (CPC) is a very rare pathology of which over 200 cases have been reported. Usually discovered during the first months of life, CPC is characterised by a definitive bone defect in the middle third of the clavicle. Generally asymptomatic, the pseudarthrosis of the clavicle can cause aesthetic issues and functional symptoms indicating a surgical repair. Different reconstruction techniques have been reported with various complications. We present a 14-year-old boy diagnosed with CPC and concerned about the cosmetic aspect of a swelling of his right clavicle. We performed a two-stage surgical repair using the induced membrane technique described by Masquelet. A complete bone union has been obtained, and patient is satisfied with the cosmetic appearance. In our opinion, the Masquelet technique is a safe and reproducible procedure to treat CPC in high-risk older patients with long gap allowing a rapid and lasting bone union.