BackgroundMortality statistics from death registration systems are essential for health policy and development. Indonesia has recently mandated compulsory death registration across the entire country in December 2006. This article describes the methods and results from activities to ascertain causes of registered deaths in two pilot registration areas in Central Java during 2006-2007. The methods involved several steps, starting with adaptation of international standards for reporting causes of registered deaths for implementation in two sites, Surakarta (urban) and Pekalongan (rural). Causes for hospital deaths were certified by attending physicians. Verbal autopsies were used for home deaths. Underlying causes were coded using ICD-10. Completeness of registration was assessed in a sample of villages and urban wards by triangulating data from the health sector, the civil registration system, and an independent household survey. Finally, summary mortality indicators and cause of death rankings were developed for each site.FindingsA total of 10,038 deaths were registered in the two sites during 2006-2007; yielding annual crude death rates of 5.9 to 6.8 per 1000. Data completeness was higher in rural areas (72.5%) as compared to urban areas (52%). Adjusted life expectancies at birth were higher for both males and females in the urban population as compared to the rural population. Stroke, ischaemic heart disease and chronic respiratory disease are prominent causes in both populations. Other important causes are diabetes and cancer in urban areas; and tuberculosis and diarrhoeal diseases in rural areas.ConclusionsNon-communicable diseases cause a significant proportion of premature mortality in Central Java. Implementing cause of death reporting in conjunction with death registration appears feasible in Indonesia. Better collaboration between health and registration sectors is required to improve data quality. These are the first local mortality measures for health policy and monitoring in Indonesia. Strong demand for data from different stakeholders can stimulate further strengthening of mortality registration systems.

Today, Pulmonary Tuberculosis still remains a notable health concern in Indonesia. Pulmonary Tuberculosis (called TB) is a disease of ancientness who determined by numerous factors. These factors are relating to host, including age, sex, race, socioeconomic, lifestyle, marital status, work, heredity, nutrition and immunity. This study aimed to fi nd out on infl uence factors pulmonary tuberculosis occurrence of 15 years old or above in Indonesia, according to the Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey Data Year 2013-2014. A Cross-Sectional study design. The Number of Samples aged 15 years or above was 67,944. We had performed analysis from secondary data of Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey Year 2013-2014 using Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that participants who had been: diagnosed with TB by a health professional [OR = 6.06 (95% CI; 4.69–7.83)], aged 35-54 years [OR = 1.22 (CI95%; 0 , 96 - 1.5)], aged 55 years + [OR = 1.73 (CI95%; 1.32-2.27)], male [OR = 2.07 (CI95%; 1.60-2 , 69)], Urban areas [OR = 1.48 (CI95%; 1.21-1.80)], Eastern Indonesia Region [OR = 1.59 (CI95%; 1.26-2.02)], Sumatera Region [OR = 1.68 (CI95%; 1.32-2.12)], education level < Junior High School [OR = 1.48 (CI95%; 1.19-1.83)], diagnosed with DM by a physician [OR = 1.44 (95% CI; 0.92-2.25)], lived with TB patient [OR = 1.84 (CI95%; 1.27-2.65)], smoking [OR = 1.25 (CI95%; 098-1.60)]. Furthermore, the fi nal model shows that all independent variables are factors infl uencing TB cases that occurred in Indonesia (p <0.05). These variables are a group of age, sex, regional classifi cation, areas, education level, had been diagnosed with DM by a physician, had been diagnosed with TB by a health professional, and had been lived with TB sufferer. The most dominant factor infl uencing TB occurrence of 15 years or above had been diagnosed with TB. Thus, it concluded that the participant had a risk of 6.06 times the occurrence of TB compared to the participant who had never been diagnosed with TB by a health professional.  Abstrak Saat ini tuberkulosis masih menjadi masalah utama kesehatan di Indonesia. Penyakit TB dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor pejamu. Adapun faktor yang berkaitan dengan pejamu antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, ras, sosial ekonomi, kebiasaan hidup, status perkawinan, pekerjaan, keturunan, nutrisi, dan imunitas. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian Tuberkulosis pada umur 15 tahun ke atas di Indonesia berdasarkan data SPTB 2013-2014. Disain studi potong lintang. Jumlah sampel yang berumur 15 tahun ke atas adalah 67.944. Analisis data dengan univariat, bivariate, dan multivariat regresi logistik. Analisis Multivariat menunjukkan bahwa partisipan yang pernah di diagnosis TB oleh tenaga kesehatan [OR= 6,06 (CI 95%; 4,69–7,83)], umur 35-54 tahun [OR=1,22 (CI95%;0,96 – 1,5)], umur 55 tahun+ [OR= 1,73 (CI95%; 1,32-2,27)], laki-laki [OR= 2,07 (CI95%; 1,60-2,69)], Perkotaan [OR=1,48 (CI95%; 1,21-1,80)], Kawasan Timur Indonesia [OR= 1,59 (CI95%; 1,26-2,02)], Kawasan Sumatera [OR=1,68 (CI95%; 1,32-2,12)], Pendidikan < SMP [OR=1,48 (CI95%; 1,19-1,83)], pernah di diagnosis DM oleh dokter [OR=1,44 (CI95%; 0,92-2,25)]. Pernah tinggal dengan penderita TB [OR=1,84 (CI95%; 1,27-2,65)], Merokok [OR=1,25 (CI95%; 098-1,60)]. Pada model akhir terlihat bahwa seluruh variabel independen merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian TB di Indonesia (p<0,05) adalah kelompok umur, jenis kelamin, klasifi kasi daerah, kawasan, pendidikan, pernah di diagnosis DM oleh dokter, pernah di diagnosis TB oleh tenaga kesehatan, dan pernah tinggal dengan penderita TB. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi terjadinya TB pada usia 15 tahun ke atas adalah pernah di diagnosa TB oleh tenaga kesehatan. Partisipan yang pernah di diagnosa TB oleh tenaga kesehatan berisiko 6,06 kali untuk terjadinya TB dibandingkan orang yang belum pernah di diagnosa TB oleh tenaga kesehatan.

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