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Today’s societies live in a world where the media construct reality, which also affects each individual media user. Children and their parents spend most of their time with digital media and contents. Therefore, researchers emphasize the importance of digital literacy of media users. They analyse new phenomena, challenges and risks associated with the anthropological, cognitive and social development of children and young people. An important role in media and digital education is played not only by teachers and schools, but also by parents and family. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the theoretical approaches to digital media literacy, so-called digital parenting, and to interpret the results of the latest research in Croatia devoted to the digital habits of parents, their attitudes towards parental mediation strategies as well as to their satisfaction with the programmes of media literacy in the education system.

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No research exists about the efficiency of regulation and self-regulation in regard to the protection of children's rights in the Croatian media. Until today no analysis has been conducted on how relevant Croatian institutions monitor the implementation of media laws and by extension the provisions relating to the protection of children's rights in the media. In this paper we seek to examine complaints of citizens and institutions sent to the Croatian Journalists' Association (CJA) regarding violations of the CJA Code of Honor as well as reports by the Office of the Ombudsman for Children, the Electronic Media Council and the Croatian Media Council, regarding complaints about violations of children's rights in the media in the past five years (2008-2012). We shall not only analyze reports by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Office of the Attorney General of the Republic of Croatia, but also analyze and demonstrate whether these institutions have adequately, through which methods and to what extent, responded to the disregard of children's rights in the media, in line with their legal authorities. Based upon research findings, we offer proposals for the better protection of children's rights in the media, as well as for the work of institutions that are responsible for supervising the implementation of legal codes and ethical norms. It is necessary to define the authorities and obligations of an ad hoc body, or to transfer authorities to a previously established body. In this way the gap in the regulation of print and electronic media in Croatia would be bridged. It is also of central importance that the institutions responsible for implementing on their own initiative legal and self-regulation acts, do indeed process cases of children's rights violations, in line with their authorities. Improved coordination, new educational programs for journalists and better cooperation among the relevant institutions is expected as well.

Ravnatelji su jedni od ključnih nositelja odgojno-obrazovne djelatnosti u školama koji u suradnji sa školskim odborom, učenicima, roditeljima, stručnim suradnicima, ali i vanjskim partnerima mogu presudno utjecati na školski kurikul te kvalitetu i kvantitetu izvannastavnih aktivnosti. S obzirom na to da imaju ključnu ulogu u odgojno-obrazovnom procesu, začuđuje činjenica kako u Hrvatskoj gotovo da i nema istraživanja stavova ravnatelja o raznim pitanjima koja se tiču odgojno-obrazovnoga procesa, a dosad nije napravljeno niti jedno sustavno istraživanje o stavovima ravnatelja o medijskoj pismenosti, medijskom obrazovanju i medijskoj kulturi. Ta nas je činjenica dodatno motivirala da provedemo istraživanje u studenome 2016. u sklopu Stručnoga skupa Obrazovanje i licenciranje ravnatelja Hrvatske udruge ravnatelja osnovnih škola na uzorku od 198 ravnatelja osnovnih škola iz svih dijelova Republike Hrvatske kako bismo utvrdili stavove ravnatelja o važnosti medijske pismenosti u primarnome obrazovanju te da ujedno utvrdimo i to koliko su osnovne škole opremljene medijima, koliko često ravnatelji financijski podupiru dodatna usavršavanja nastavnika o medijima te organiziraju li škole izvannastavne edukacije o medijima za učenike, roditelje, nastavnike i stručne suradnike. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako većina ravnatelja, njih čak 57,3 %, smatra da nakon završetka osnovne škole hrvatski učenici na temelju onoga što su naučili u školi nisu medijski pismene osobe te da u posljednjih nekoliko godina roditelji pokazuju povećan interes za medijsku pismenost. Unatoč tome, čak 43,8 % ravnatelja ističe da nikad u posljednjih godinu dana nisu organizirali izvannastavna predavanja o medijima za roditelje, a čak svaki četvrti ravnatelj ističe da se u njihovoj školi nikad ne održavaju predavanja o medijima za nastavnike i stručne suradnike. Pokazalo se i da škole još uvijek nisu dobro tehnički opremljene, što je preduvjet za provedbu medijskoga obrazovanja, budući da je tek 44,2 % ravnatelja istaknulo da u njihovoj školi u svakoj učionici postoje računalo i projektor. Budući da ravnatelji bitno utječu na kvalitetu nastavnoga rada, i oni sami trebali bi imati redovita usavršavanja vezana uz medijsku pismenost kako bi bili pravodobno upoznati s rezultatima najnovijih istraživanja iz toga područja te informirani o novim dostignućima vezanima uz medije koji se brzo razvijaju.