Purpose To provide a detailed review of current clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, work-up and treatment of autoimmune retinopathy, and briefly preview possible future therapies. Design Perspective based on literature review and clinical expertise. Methods Interpretation of current literature, relying on the authors’ clinical experience. Results Autoimmune retinopathy is a rare immunologic disease characterized by the presence of circulating anti-retinal antibodies along with electroretinographic (ERG) and visual field abnormalities. Ophthalmic exam can be normal or show minimal findings. The diagnosis of autoimmune retinopathy is made difficult by diagnostic criteria which are both limited and non-standardized. Currently, the diagnosis is made based on the demonstration of serum antiretinal antibodies and the presence of clinical manifestations (including abnormal ERGs). The mere presence of these antibodies is not diagnostic. Lack of an accepted gold standard for antiretinal antibodies detection and poor inter-laboratory concordance makes the diagnosis challenging. There are anecdotal reports on immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune retinopathy; however, the response to treatment is variable, with more favorable results achieved in paraneoplastic retinopathy, particularly cancer-associated retinopathy, with a combination of chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Whether an earlier attempt to treat non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy would be more beneficial is unknown. Early treatment attempts are limited by lack of sensitive and specific assays and definitive clinical criteria. Conclusions Little is known about the clinical course, prognosis and treatment of autoimmune retinopathy. Additional studies should examine the specificity and pathogenicity of antiretinal antibodies, screen for biomarkers, and should be conducted concurrently with studies seeking to identify appropriate treatment.

Purpose-To identify the demographic and clinical characteristics, along with the frequency, of neoplastic masquerade syndromes in a tertiary uveitis clinic. Design-A retrospective observational cohort.Methods-Demographic and clinical data on all patients presenting to the National Eye Institute (NEI) with uveitis between 2004-2012 were used to compare neoplastic masquerade syndromes and uveitis.Results-A total of 853 patients presenting with uveitis were identified. Of these, 21 (2.5%) were diagnosed with neoplastic masquerade syndromes. The average age at presentation of masquerade syndrome patients was 57 years (median: 55, range: 38-78), for uveitis 42 years (median: 43, range: 3-98) (p=0.0003). There were 48% females in the masquerade syndromes group, compared with 59% females in the uveitis group. African American patients represented 9% of the masquerade syndrome patients and 36% of uveitis patients (p=0.01). Mean worse eye visual acuity was 0.89 (20/160) in neoplastic masquerade syndromes, and 0.66 (20/100) in the uveitis group (p=0.21). Ninety percent of masquerade syndrome patients had posterior inflammation, compared with 63% of uveitis patients (p=0.006). Forty-eight percent of the masquerade syndrome patients had unilateral disease, compared with 27% of the uveitis patients (p=0.04). Conclusion-Patientswith neoplastic masquerade syndromes were more likely to be older, male, or non-African American and to have posterior segment inflammation and unilateral disease. Patients with masquerade syndromes also had worse visual acuity than did uveitis patients. These differences in clinical characteristics may help raise the suspicion for neoplastic masquerade syndromes.

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Abstract Objective This study aims to discuss clinical characteristics of burn patients who developed elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). We propose management strategies to prevent orbital compartment syndrome before invasive treatment is required. Methods A retrospective review of 47 burn patients at the University of California San Diego (UCSD), Burn Intensive Care Unit (ICU; major regional burn center for San Diego county), was analyzed for demographics, fluid resuscitation volumes, and physical exam findings. Patients requiring topical treatment for high-IOP, defined as ≥30 mm Hg in either or both eyes, were compared with those who did not require treatment, using the t-test and Fisher's exact test. Linear regression tested for an association between peak IOP and fluid volume. Logistic regression evaluated the association between total fluid and treatment of high IOP, while adjusting for other characteristics. Results Six of 47 patients required IOP-lowering treatment. Of the patients requiring treatment, one drop of dorzolamide/timolol in both eyes twice daily was the most common treatment recommendation. Presence of periocular burns was a significant risk factor in patients who required treatment for high IOP. No patients developed orbital compartment syndrome or required surgical intervention to lower IOP. The mean total fluid volume delivered in the first 24 hours was 0.8 times the level prescribed by fluid resuscitation guidelines. Conclusion By treating early clinical signs and properly managing fluid resuscitation, development of orbital compartment syndrome in burn patients can be avoided.