This paper examines the environmental conditions at the premises of printed circuit boards (PCBs) manufacturers, which have electroplating plants. It provides a brief overview of the key aspects of adverse environmental impacts of wastes generated by PCB manufacture and electroplating plants. The aim of this research was to improve the test method for evaluation of wastewater effect on the soil salinity at the premises of PCBs manufacturers. The object of research was the process of extraction and use of copper from wastewater generated by PCBs manufacture and electroplating. As an example, the process of sludge formation during PCBs etching has been reviewed. With the etching line capacity of 14 m2/h, one-shift manufacturing process will result in the production of up to 2,500 kg of sludge monthly. For enterprises with capacities of 2,000–4,000 m2 circuits, this means annual accumulation at their premises of up to 70 tons of wastes in the form of sludge. Estimates suggest that the upper half-meter layer of the aeration zone will be qualified as slightly saline in one year after accumulation of the sludge. In subsequent years, the salt content will increase and saline soil can be found at the depths of 1.5–2 m over ten years of storage. The authors of this paper propose to treat spent etching solutions applying regeneration technology in order to reduce the amount of sludge. With this technology, it is possible to use the extracted metal as a secondary raw material for copper production and re-use the regenerated solution in PCBs etching. This paper provides estimated hazard indices calculated for the storage of sludge at the manufacturer’s premises before and after the implementation of the proposed technology. With regards to findings of the study, it has been proposed to reuse copper recovered from wastes as a raw material for the industry.

The article is devoted to the regional socio-economic and social development of Russian regions. The authors draw attention to recent trends in the study of these processes. It is proposed to use the statistical collection «Regions of Russia, socio-economic indicators» as a source of information. The method of determining the integral indicator of regional development is proposed, a computer program is used to determine its numerical values on the basis of the block «Medicine, Education and Science». Numerical indicators proposed by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation for calculating the integral indicator are described. For the regions of the Central Federal District, calculated data on the level of social regional development are provided. The analysis of the presented data is carried out, conclusions are drawn about the possible directions and prospects for further research in the temporal and spatial aspects.

Transformation of the Russian society in XXI century is associated with the general crisis of almost all spheres of life: economical, political, social and moral. The radical socio-economic transformations in Russia, their complexity and ambiguity, inconsistency and lack of scientific basis have exacerbated social problems of rural population: unemployment and poverty have increased; health and education materialtechnical base has outdated, the range of socio-cultural services has reduced; physical culture and sport are not developed; network of preschools is limited, etc. The existing social situation in rural municipalities expressed in agricultural labor depreciation and its development motivational mechanisms weakening U.D.C. 338.431.2:330.59-048.78:005.6(470.319) keywords: social infrastructure, quality of life, rural population, life standard improvement

No abstract

No abstract