Проблема и цель. Статья посвящена проблеме развития психологической медиакомпетентности. Цель статьиопределить основное содержание и структуру психологической медиакомпетентности родителя. Методология. Методологической основой исследования стали представления отечественных психологов о роли среды в развитии ребенка, в частности культурно-исторический подход Л. С. Выготского, определяющий среду как источник психического развития ребенка. Основными методами исследования стали теоретические методы, направленные на создание теоретических обобщений, определение сущности и содержания изучаемых явлений. Результаты. В статье определено понятие «психологическая медиакомпетентность родителя». Обоснована необходимость его рассмотрения как неотъемлемой части родительской компетентности с учетом объективно существующей медиатрансформации социально-культурного развивающего пространства ребенка. Выявлены компоненты основных характеристик психологической медиакомпетентности родителя: содержательные (родительское ценностно-смысловое самоопределение, совместная деятельность, психологическая грамотность), процессуальные (психологический медиаопыт, отношение к медиа, рефлексивные действия), результативные (понимание медиа, соответствие понимания родителем медиа эталону, способность к передаче опыта понимания медиа). Представлена модель психологической медиакомпетентности родителя. Предложены и обоснованы методы исследования психологической медиакомпетентности родителей, позволяющие выявлять степень выраженности основных ее характеристик: контент-анализ, семантический дифференциал, метод незаконченных ситуаций, анализ медиа. Заключение. Авторами обобщается основное содержание психологической медиакомпетентности родителя, выделена структура данного феномена, продемонстрированы методы, с использованием которых его можно исследовать. Ключевые слова: медиакомпетентность; психологическая медиакомпетентность; психологическая компетентность родителей; психологическая медиакомпетентность родителя; родительское самоопределение; медиаопыт; отношение к медиа; понимание медиа. Скорова Лариса Владимировнакандидат психологических наук, доцент, заведующая кафедрой психологии образования и развития личности, Педагогический институт, Иркутский государственный университет.

Introduction. The article presents a model of educational media psychology. It is considered as a branch of educational psychology which focuses on processes of education and development within media environments. The research problem is determined by the controversy between new tasks of educational psychology associated with the transformation of the modern educational environment into a media environment and the lack of an integrated approach to fulfill them. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the new branch of educational psychology, to identify its problems, clarify its notions, and to describe its concepts and methodological foundations. Materials and Methods. The research employs methods of theoretical analysis and modeling. Results. The study suggests that educational media environment as an object of psychology is characterized by distinctive features which require systematic integration of disciplinary, methodological and instrumental approaches to research. At the disciplinary level, research investigations in the field of educational media psychology involve the integration of basic concepts of educational psychology and media psychology. At the interdisciplinary level, studies on educational media psychology deal with integration of approaches and methods of psychology, philosophy, linguistics, text theory, sociology and cultural studies, which are significant for conducting a psychological analysis of the media text as a mediator of educational processes. The study reveals the need for a multidisciplinary paradigm of integration of (1) activity theory, which is traditional for educational psychology, with ideas of discursive psychology, psychosemiotics, narrative psychology and psychoanalysis; (2) explanatory and complex approaches to the analysis of research objects; (3) quantitative and qualitative research methods. Conclusions. Educational media psychology is presented as an integrated model, which comprises objects and interconnected approaches (paradigmatic and disciplinary).

The paper features sychological media competence of parents on the basis of ideas about psychological media competence as a meso- level phenomenon, differing complex composition. The psychological  media competence of parents is considered in the structure of their  psychological competence, including cognitive, practical, and  reflexive components. The cognitive component includes knowledge  that allows one to take part in the media communication and analyze  the influence of media texts on the psyche of children. The  reflexive component is the awareness of internal changes after  interacting with media. The practical component is represented by  the ability to realize competence in interaction with children. The  procedure for diagnosing these components was developed based on the research method of “Psychological media competence of parents  of primary school pupils”. The first part was represented by  ituations  describing behavior and actions of primary school pupils in  media sphere and identifying how parents react to them. The second part included watching an animated film, answering questions that  reveal how parents understood the effect of the cartoon on children’s emotional state and behavior, and writing a letter to the main  character of the cartoon on behalf of their children. The analysis of  the psychological media competence study involved a method of  expert assessments. The results indicate a certain use of  constructive ways of reaction to situations, which are related to  information search via internet and watching destructive video. The  parents proved to underestimate effect of various media on children  and demonstrated problems in assessing and meaningful discussion of the media texts with children.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to find ways to ensure the psychological safety of distance educational environment, as well as the lack of development of characteristics and safety indicators of the educational process during distance learning at school. The main research methods were theoretical methods aimed at creating theoretical generalizations, determining the content of teachers’ readiness to ensure psychological safety in the context of distance learning and empirical methods that identify the main components of readiness using a research methodology.The article discusses the results of a study of the readiness of teachers to ensure psychological safety in the context of distance learning in three components: a) the operational component, which is represented by communicative, constructive and gnostic skills that determine the teacher’s behavior in ensuring safe and comfortable interaction with distance learning; b) the reflexive component involves understanding the problem of safe-comfortable interaction in the context of distance learning and identifying ways to solve it based on introspection of one’s activities; c) the activity component is represented by the personal experience of the teacher in using special ways of working with students to ensure psychological safety in the distance educational environment. The conditions for teaching teachers to develop their competence to ensure the psychological safety of distance learning environments are defined: mastering the methods of organizing the educational process, ways to maintain the self-organization of the educational process, building an individual motivational system for the student and emotional support in real distance learning.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to find new ways to develop the cognitive activity of schoolchildren in the context of the digitalization of all spheres of life of a modern person and the active inclusion of digital services and tools in educational activities. The main research methods are theoretical methods aimed at creating theoretical generalizations that allow us to consider the Telegram channel as a means of developing cognitive activity in adolescents; a survey identifying messengers preferred by schoolchildren, digital resources and devices for obtaining information; psychodiagnostic methods aimed at studying the level of development of cognitive activity in schoolchildren in the subject area “history”; analysis of messengers, which involves the identification of functionality; a formative experiment aimed at developing cognitive activity through the presentation of various types of educational content in the Telegram channel; monitoring the cognitive activity of schoolchildren in history lessons; methods of mathematical and statistical data analysis (T-test, Spearman’s test). The analysis of messengers has made it possible to define Telegram as an accessible digital tool for use in educational activities in order to present educational content to schoolchildren. The structure of the Telegram channel is presented: the selected content is subjected to psychological and methodological analysis. Dynamics has been found in the change in the level of cognitive activity of schoolchildren in the subject area “history” (t = 2,763 at r ≤ 0,01) and self-assessment of cognitive interest (t = 3,574 at r ≤ 0,001) after schoolchildren used educational content posted on the Telegram channel. There has been an increase in interest in learning, a decrease in the number of schoolchildren who are passive during the lesson and are often distracted from educational activities, as well as the activity and independence of adolescents in studying the subject. To make a conclusion it should be outlined that the Telegram channel acts as a learning tool that develops the motivation for cognition, acting as a motivating force for the process of cognition and determining the effectiveness of educational activities, evokes positive emotions in the use of digital tools in training, actualizes the development of new information for the purpose of its practical application and appropriation of new knowledge. Keywords: cognitive activity, digital learning tools, mobile learning, BYOD technology, Telegram channel Acknwledgments.