Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected health care systems worldwide. Multidisciplinary teams provide specialist palliative home care (SPHC) for patients with incurable, severe, progressive diseases. These patients are at the same time at high risk, if infected, highly constricted by containment measures, and dependent on support. Aim To explore i) how German SPHC teams were affected by the pandemic during the first wave, ii) which challenges they faced, and iii) which strategies helped to handle the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for providing good SPHC. Method Four focus groups (with representatives of 18 SPHC teams) and five guided interviews with stakeholders were conducted and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Seven key categories emerged from the data. A category in the background describes dependence on organizational characteristics (e.g. sponsorship), which varied by regional factors. Information management was a challenge to SPHC teams, as they had to collect, interpret and adapt, and disseminate information. They reported a shift in patient care because of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to restricted home visits, visitation ban in nursing homes, and difficulties for hospital, hospice and nursing home admissions. Measures to reduce risk of infection impeded teamwork. Teams relied upon their local networks in crisis management, but felt often overlooked by local health authorities. Their respective SPHC state associations supported them in information management and exchange. Discussion The pandemic has severely impacted home care for especially vulnerable seriously ill and dying people. A good network with local health providers and authorities could help to harmonize local regulations and ensure quality care for all patient groups. SPHC teams could play an important role in caring for palliative patients with COVID-19 who are not admitted to a hospital due to preferences or resources.
ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Die Studie erforscht die Auswirkungen der COVID-19 Pandemie und die zu ihrer Eindämmung erfolgten Maßnahmen auf die Tätigkeit der spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativversorgung (SAPV) aus Sicht der SAPV-Leitungspersonen. Methodik In dieser Querschnittsstudie wurde ein Onlinefragebogen mit quantitativen und qualitativen Fragen entwickelt und verwendet, der sich auf die Erfahrungen der SAPV in der ersten und zweiten Welle der COVID-19 Pandemie in Deutschland bezieht. In einem strukturierten Rekrutierungsprozess wurden alle SAPV-Teams (n=357) zur Teilnahme aufgefordert. Ergebnisse Vom 10.10.2020 bis 07.01.2021 nahmen 154 SAPV-Teams teil (Rücklaufquote 43%). Sie beschreiben deutliche Auswirkungen der COVID-19 Pandemie auf ihre Tätigkeit. Trotz pandemiebedingter Probleme der Personalverfügbarkeit (78,5%), konnte die Palliativversorgung der Patient*innen weitestgehend sichergestellt werden. Die Zahl der zu betreuenden Patient*innen blieb für die meisten Teams gleich, war für einige zunehmend und nur für wenige abnehmend. Zentral war die Umstellung der direkten Kontakte zu Patient*innen und deren Angehörigen auf telefonische Kontakte. Als zusätzlich erschwerend wurden die generelle Vermeidung von Kontakten, die Einhaltung von Hygienebestimmungen bei notwendigen persönlichen Kontakten und die pandemiebezogenen Unsicherheiten und Ängste sowohl im Team selbst, als auch bei Angehörigen und Patient*innen, angegeben. Die Beschaffung von Schutzausrüstung war in der ersten Welle eine Herausforderung. Probleme in der Zusammenarbeit mit Kooperationspartnern (z. B. stationäre Pflegeeinrichtungen und ambulante Hospizdienste) hatten sich im Pandemieverlauf abgebaut, waren jedoch in allen Bereichen größer als zuvor. Viele Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung der pandemischen Herausforderungen wurden umgesetzt, andere als sinnvoll aber nicht umgesetzt bewertet, weitere als nicht sinnvoll oder umsetzbar.Schlussfolgerungen SAPV-Teams berichten, dass es ihnen trotz der Notwendigkeit der Anpassung vieler Prozesse an die Situation der Pandemie gelungen ist, die Versorgung der Patient*innen, wenn auch unter erschwerten Bedingungen, aufrecht zu erhalten.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic confronted nursing homes with a variety of challenges to ensure the provision of palliative care for residents. PallPan-Implement aimed to adapt the recommendations of the National Strategy for the Care of Seriously Ill, Dying Adults and their Families in Times of Pandemic (PALLPAN) in such a way that nursing facilities can use and implement them. Methods: Based on 33 PALLPAN recommendations, we developed a questionnaire, conducted a pilot implementation for selected nursing homes, and asked for qualitative feedback. Results: The developed questionnaire contains 22 main questions. A three-stage pilot implementation with an introductory event, processing phase, and evaluation event took place in seven facilities. The facilities evaluated the developed questionnaire as helpful. Feedback from the facilities identified three major categories: (a) requirements for facilities should be realistic to avoid frustration, (b) the creation of a pandemic plan for palliative care only is impractical, (c) measures for the psychosocial support of staff is particularly necessary, but was perceived as difficult to implement. Conclusions: The practical implementation of recommendations requires a concept and material tailored to facilities and areas. The strategy of PallPan Implement developed in this project appears to be target-oriented, well-received, and can be recommended for further implementation.
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